生物谷報(bào)道：本月8日,，美國國立衛(wèi)生院下屬的國立癌癥研究所與國立人類基因組研究所宣布了癌癥基因組圖試驗(yàn)計(jì)劃的另外兩個(gè)完整內(nèi)容,。歷時(shí)三年，耗資一億美圓的該計(jì)劃宗在驗(yàn)證用大規(guī)模的基因組分析技術(shù)去鑒別重要癌癥的遺傳改變的可行性,。包括麻省理工學(xué)院,，哈佛大學(xué)，劍橋大學(xué)在內(nèi)的五個(gè)州的七個(gè)研究所被授予資金去建立癌癥基因組鑒定中心,。每個(gè)癌癥基因組鑒定中心都應(yīng)用最先進(jìn)的基因組分析技術(shù)為癌癥基因組圖試驗(yàn)計(jì)劃選中的癌癥鑒定基因組上的最重要的改變。國立衛(wèi)生院每年將撥款一千一百七十萬美圓去資助癌癥基因組鑒定中心,。

       發(fā)起于2005十二月年的癌癥基因組圖試驗(yàn)計(jì)劃,，全部的實(shí)施包括四個(gè)完整的內(nèi)容：本月宣布的癌癥基因組鑒定中心與整和數(shù)據(jù)中心，同時(shí)也包括上月宣布的生物核心資源,，最后還有下月選出的基因組測序中心,。癌癥基因組圖試驗(yàn)計(jì)劃將以鑒別肺癌,，惡性膠質(zhì)瘤，卵巢癌這三類腫瘤的所有基因改變?yōu)槟繕?biāo),，尤其對(duì)不同腫瘤亞型有用的改變,。癌癥基因組鑒定中心將鑒定諸如拷貝數(shù)量或者染色體易位的基因組異常，以此使的腫瘤患者的正確診斷與治療成為可能,，并且為腫瘤醫(yī)學(xué)的個(gè)性化治療提供了一種途徑,。

英文原文：

NIH Announces Two Integral Components of The Cancer Genome Atlas Pilot Project

The National Cancer Institute (NCI) and the National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), both parts of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), today announced another two of the components of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) Pilot Project, a three-year, $100 million collaboration to test the feasibility of using large-scale genome analysis technologies to identify important genetic changes involved in cancer. Lung, brain (glioblastoma), and ovarian cancers have been chosen as the tumors for study by TCGA Pilot Project.
Awards have been made to seven institutions in five states to establish Cancer Genome Characterization Centers (CGCCs). The Cancer Genome Characterization Centers will work as a network, with each center using advanced genome analysis technologies to identify major changes in the genomes of the cancers chosen for TCGA pilot program. NCI awarded a total of $11.7 million per year to support the CGCCs. The institutions receiving CGCC awards are:

•  Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Mass. Using the Affymetrix platform, this center will identify changes in expression and copy number alterations that occur in cancer.
•  Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Mass. Using the Agilent platform, this center will characterize tumor samples for alterations in chromosome segments copy number. This center will also develop new technologies to analyze expression profiles.
•  Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, Calif. Using an Affymetrix Exon 1.0 array platform, this center will identify changes in the transcription profiles that occur in cancer.
•  Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, N.Y. Using Agilent arrays, this center will provide characterization of chromosome segment gains and losses. This center will also develop new approaches to detect novel genetic rearrangements.
•  The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md. This is a joint project with the University of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center to detect changes in methylation profiles associated with transcribed genes in cancer samples.
•  Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, Calif. This center will use high-throughput whole-genome genotyping technology to identify chromosome segments copy number variation found in cancer.
•  University of North Carolina Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, N.C. Using an Agilent array platform, this center will identify changes in the transcription profiles that occur in cancer.

Additionally, SRA International Inc. of Fairfax, Va., has been selected to develop the Data Coordinating Center (DCC) for the TCGA Pilot Project. The DCC will track data produced by components of TCGA, ensuring that this data meets quality standards set for the project, and make TCGA data publicly accessible through databases supported by NCI’s Cancer Biomedical Informatics Grid (caBIG™ and the National Library of Medicine’s National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). The DCC will establish public data resources that scientists can use in their research to generate new insights into the causes and potential targets for interventions in cancer. Access to all TCGA data will be provided in a manner that meets the highest standards for protection and respect of the research participants.
TCGA was launched in December 2005. When fully operational, it will consist of four integrated components: the CGCCs and DCC announced today, as well as the Biospecimen Core Resource (BCR) announced last month, and the Genome Sequencing Centers, which will be selected in the coming months.
“We are, today, gaining new insights into the genetic changes that accumulate over a lifetime and are associated with malignancy,” said NCI Director John E. Niederhuber, M.D. “TCGA holds the potential to help turn what we know into what we can harness -- to be able to study changes in a patient’s genetic sequence over time and then use that information to design highly targeted, individually based interventions.”
“TCGA will analyze genomic changes in lung, brain, and ovarian cancers with a goal of identifying all alterations in genes for these three tumors -- especially those that can serve to differentiate cancer subtypes. The Cancer Genome Characterization Centers will identify genomic aberrations, such as copy number changes and/or chromosomal translocations that will enable the development of targeted diagnostics and therapies for cancer patients, and provide a path to more personalized cancer medicine,” said NCI Deputy Director for Advanced Technologies and Strategic Partnerships, Anna D. Barker, Ph.D.
“The Cancer Genome Atlas Pilot Project will generate large quantities of data that will require an immense amount of expertise and coordination,” said NHGRI Director Francis S. Collins, M.D., Ph.D. “The Data Coordinating Center is an essential component of The Cancer Genome Atlas Pilot Project and will help researchers take advantage of the molecular information describing the genomic changes in the cancers studied. The integration of these data will enable individual researchers throughout the world to discover new cancer targets and inform the design of a new generation of cancer drugs.”