淋巴瘤是一種屬于免疫系統(tǒng)的實體性惡性腫瘤,。白血細胞不斷分裂,并異常地擴散至全身,。
淋巴瘤可分為B細胞淋巴瘤和T細胞淋巴瘤兩類,。當(dāng)機體的分子檢測機制出現(xiàn)錯誤時B細胞或T細胞發(fā)生分裂失控從而導(dǎo)致淋巴瘤。桑福德-伯納姆醫(yī)學(xué)研究所(Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute)炎性疾病計劃的負責(zé)人Robert Rickert領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的科研小組最近開展了一項新的研究,,檢測了兩種酶SHIP和PTEN對于B細胞生長和增殖的影響,。研究論文發(fā)表在10月18日的《實驗醫(yī)學(xué)雜志》(Journal of Experimental Medicine)上。研究證實SHIP和PTEN共同作用抑制B細胞淋巴瘤,。新發(fā)現(xiàn)為當(dāng)前淋巴瘤的治療方法的開發(fā)指明了新方向,。
“科學(xué)家們圍繞PTEN已開展了非常多的研究,,”Rickert博士說:“這是我們第一次證實SHIP是B細胞的一個主要的腫瘤抑制因子。”
T細胞可直接殺傷感染細胞,,而B細胞則需生成特異性的抗體中和或抵抗外源微生物,。機體需要維持足夠數(shù)量的淋巴細胞發(fā)揮免疫功能,但是當(dāng)淋巴細胞發(fā)生過量增殖時就可能導(dǎo)致淋巴瘤發(fā)生,。PI3K是一種重要的促進細胞生長,、存活和增殖的酶。PI3K信號異??蓪?dǎo)致各種腫瘤發(fā)生,。研究證實PTEN和SHIP具有抑制PI3K信號通路的作用。當(dāng)T細胞中PTEN缺失時,,細胞會發(fā)生生長失控從而導(dǎo)致T細胞淋巴瘤,。在新研究中研究人員驚訝地發(fā)現(xiàn)當(dāng)B細胞僅出現(xiàn)PTEN或SHIP缺失時并不會影響細胞,但是當(dāng)研究人員處理小鼠B細胞使其同時喪失PTEN和SHIP時,,小鼠發(fā)生了致命性的B細胞異常,。
研究人員希望了解PTEN和SHIP突變是否確實會導(dǎo)致人類發(fā)生淋巴瘤。在與加州大學(xué)芝加哥分校的Michael David博士的早期合作研究中,,Rickert博士和同事們發(fā)現(xiàn)感染或損傷引起的炎癥會減少SHIP的表達,。在新研究中研究人員證實當(dāng)B細胞僅發(fā)生PTEN突變時不會對細胞造成損傷,而當(dāng)發(fā)生突變并伴有炎癥時則有可能導(dǎo)致淋巴瘤發(fā)生,。
Rickert 說:“人們通常認為一個基因與一類癌癥相關(guān)。事實上癌癥是一種多基因疾病,。細胞從正常向異常轉(zhuǎn)化過程中通常會發(fā)生多重損傷,。在本研究中我們構(gòu)建了一個模型顯示了B細胞中發(fā)生的事件。”
“我們的研究不僅有助于深入地了解B細胞生物學(xué)特性,,還可為當(dāng)前的淋巴瘤治療提供指導(dǎo),。科學(xué)家們曾提出一種治療策略,,通過消除機體內(nèi)的BAFF治療藥物耐受性B細胞,。利用新的B細胞淋巴瘤模型,我們發(fā)現(xiàn)缺失BAFF的B淋巴瘤細胞仍然可以增殖,,”Rickert博士說,。
值得指出的是,新研究為開發(fā)模擬PTEN和SHIP活性的抗淋巴瘤藥物提供了支持,。“多個公司正在開發(fā)PI3K抑制劑治療某些類型的淋巴瘤,。我們?yōu)镻I3K依賴的B細胞惡性腫瘤的研究提供了一個有用的臨床前模型。(生物谷Bioon.com)
生物谷推薦英文摘要:
JEM doi: 10.1084/jem.20091962
Coordinate suppression of B cell lymphoma by PTEN and SHIP phosphatases
Ana V. Miletic1, Amy N. Anzelon-Mills1, David M. Mills1, Sidne A. Omori1, Irene M. Pedersen2,3, Dong-Mi Shin4, Jeffrey V. Ravetch6, Silvia Bolland5, Herbert C. Morse III4, and Robert C. Rickert1
The inositol phosphatases phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN) and Src homology 2 domain–containing inositol phosphatase (SHIP) negatively regulate phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)–mediated growth, survival, and proliferation of hematopoietic cells. Although deletion of PTEN in mouse T cells results in lethal T cell lymphomas, we find that animals lacking PTEN or SHIP in B cells show no evidence of malignancy. However, concomitant deletion of PTEN and SHIP (bPTEN/SHIP?/?) results in spontaneous and lethal mature B cell neoplasms consistent with marginal zone lymphoma or, less frequently, follicular or centroblastic lymphoma. bPTEN/SHIP?/? B cells exhibit enhanced survival and express more MCL1 and less Bim. These cells also express low amounts of p27kip1 and high amounts of cyclin D3 and thus appear poised to undergo proliferative expansion. Unlike normal B cells, bPTEN/SHIP?/? B cells proliferate to the prosurvival factor B cell activating factor (BAFF). Interestingly, although BAFF availability may promote lymphoma progression, we demonstrate that BAFF is not required for the expansion of transferred bPTEN/SHIP?/? B cells. This study reveals that PTEN and SHIP act cooperatively to suppress B cell lymphoma and provides the first direct evidence that SHIP is a tumor suppressor. As such, assessment of both PTEN and SHIP function are relevant to understanding the etiology of human B cell malignancies that exhibit augmented activation of the PI3K pathway.