提到頭頸部腫瘤,，對(duì)于大多數(shù)人來(lái)講可能比較陌生,。它是按照人體部位來(lái)劃分腫瘤的一種方法，已經(jīng)被越來(lái)越多腫瘤專(zhuān)科醫(yī)院和非專(zhuān)科醫(yī)院所采納,。也就是說(shuō)將腫瘤分為頭頸部腫瘤,、胸部腫瘤、腹部腫瘤,，肢體腫瘤等等,，而不是按各種系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行分類(lèi)。“頭”即頭部,，“頸”即頸部,，通俗講就是“脖子”。那么,，頭頸部腫瘤包括那些那,？它應(yīng)包括頸部腫瘤、耳鼻喉科腫瘤以及口腔頜面部腫瘤三大部分,。
頭頸部腫瘤的病因和生活環(huán)境及個(gè)體的飲食習(xí)慣,、嗜好密切相關(guān)的，如甲狀腺腫瘤在沿海和內(nèi)陸缺碘地區(qū)發(fā)病率較高,，這可能與飲食中碘的含量有關(guān),。另外,，甲狀腺腫瘤女性患者居多，有研究表明與女性激素有關(guān),；喉部腫瘤的發(fā)生與吸煙和空氣污染有關(guān),；而口腔腫瘤的發(fā)病與不良飲食、口腔衛(wèi)生有關(guān),。所以改變不良嗜好,、飲食習(xí)慣，有些腫瘤是可以預(yù)防的,。
近日,，來(lái)自Yeshiva大學(xué)和Einstei大學(xué)醫(yī)院的研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)miR-375這一微小RNA可以預(yù)測(cè)頭部或/和頸部癌癥患者的死亡概率，miR-375表達(dá)水平的高低與癌癥患者死亡有著密切聯(lián)系,。相關(guān)研究論文發(fā)表在American Journal of Pathology期刊上,。
工作人員從123名已經(jīng)確診為頭頸部腫瘤患者體內(nèi)腫瘤組織以及腫瘤團(tuán)塊附近的正常健康組織中采取樣本，測(cè)量組織中RNA分子中的736個(gè)mricoRNA成員,。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)所檢測(cè)的microRNA中,，頭頸部癌癥患者腫瘤組織中的miR-375表達(dá)水平要比周?chē)＝】到M織低。
根據(jù)腫瘤組織和附近正常健康組織中miR-375表達(dá)水平的高低,，研究人員將123名癌癥患者進(jìn)行分級(jí)（分級(jí)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)為腫瘤組織中miR-375表達(dá)水平/正常組織中miR-375表達(dá)水平）,，隨訪發(fā)現(xiàn)相比于比值較高的癌癥患者，這一比值較低的癌癥患者（如1/4比值）發(fā)生死亡的幾率足足上升了13倍,，并且發(fā)生遠(yuǎn)端器官轉(zhuǎn)移的可能性也提高了9倍,。這一結(jié)論有力地證實(shí)了MiR-375可以當(dāng)作是一種預(yù)測(cè)頭頸部腫瘤患者最終結(jié)局的生物標(biāo)記。
人體在發(fā)生病變時(shí),，體內(nèi)的微小RNA成分會(huì)發(fā)生改變,，這種改變可以通過(guò)血樣檢測(cè)及時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)，對(duì)于癌癥病人來(lái)說(shuō),，如果能早期發(fā)現(xiàn)癌癥在微小RNA中的先兆,，并及時(shí)切除病灶的話，生存率可以直接升到百分之百,，使得癌癥不再是不治之癥,。或許利用微小RNA進(jìn)行癌癥預(yù)警,，更可以在癌癥發(fā)病以前就發(fā)現(xiàn)身體的異常傾向,。（生物谷Bioon.com）
doi:10.1016/j.ajpath.2011.12.004
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PMID:
Low-Level Expression of miR-375 Correlates with Poor Outcome and Metastasis While Altering the Invasive Properties of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas
Thomas Harris, Lizandra Jimenez, Nicole Kawachi, Jian-Bing Fan, Jing Chen, Tom Belbin, Andrew Ramnauth, Olivier Loudig, Christian E. Keller, Richard Smith,et al.
Small, noncoding microRNAs (miRNAs) have been shown to be abnormally expressed in every tumor type examined. We used comparisons of global miRNA expression profiles of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) samples and adjacent normal tissue to rank those miRNAs that were most significantly altered in our patient population. Rank Consistency Score analysis revealed miR-375 to have the most significantly lowered miRNA levels in tumors relative to matched adjacent nonmalignant tissue from the same patient among 736 miRNAs that were evaluated. This result has been previously observed by other groups; however, we extend this finding with the unique observation that low miR-375 expression levels correlate significantly with cancer survival and distant metastasis. In a study of 123 primary HNSCC patients using multivariable Cox proportional hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI), both death from disease (HR: 12.8, 95% CI: 3 to 49) and incidence of distant metastasis (HR: 8.7, 95% CI: 2 to 31) correlated with lower expression levels of miR-375 regardless of the site or stage of the tumor. In addition, we found that oral cavity tumor cell lines (eg, UMSCC1 and UMSCC47) overexpressing miR-375 were significantly less invasive in vitro than their matched empty vector controls. We conclude that miR-375 represents a potential prognostic marker of poor outcome and metastasis in HNSCC and that it may function by suppressing the tumor's invasive properties.
