一個科學家小組在2月15日出版的《科學》雜志上報告說,，他們對全球海洋進行的最新數(shù)據(jù)分析顯示，人類活動遍及全球海洋,，其中有40%的海洋受到人類各種活動的嚴重影響,。
專家們繪制的一份全球海洋狀況示意圖顯示，全球海洋中沒有哪處海域完全未受人類活動影響,。目前,，世界40%的海洋面積屬于嚴重受影響的海域，僅有約4%的海洋現(xiàn)在還算是相對“清靜”,。
受人類活動影響最大的海域包括東加勒比海,、西歐的北海和日本海，而人類活動最少的是南北極海域,?？茖W家們認為，繪制這樣一份反映海洋受影響情況的示意圖,，將有助于優(yōu)先規(guī)劃某些海洋保護區(qū)項目,。
這份示意圖及相關(guān)報告由來自美國國家生態(tài)分析及合成中心等多家機構(gòu)的科學家合作完成。專家們在報告中說,，人類活動對海洋生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的影響主要包括與人類行為有關(guān)的氣候變化,、漁業(yè)和污染等17種不同方式,，海洋系統(tǒng)中受人類活動影響最嚴重的通常是大陸架,、巖礁,、珊瑚礁、海草床和海底山,。（來源：新華網(wǎng) 張忠霞）
（《科學》（Science）,，Vol. 319. no. 5865, pp. 948 - 952，Benjamin S. Halpern, Reg Watson）
生物谷推薦原始出處：
Science 15 February 2008:
Vol. 319. no. 5865, pp. 948 - 952
DOI: 10.1126/science.1149345
A Global Map of Human Impact on Marine Ecosystems
Benjamin S. Halpern,1 Shaun Walbridge,1* Kimberly A. Selkoe,1,2* Carrie V. Kappel,1 Fiorenza Micheli,3 Caterina D'Agrosa,4 John F. Bruno,5 Kenneth S. Casey,6 Colin Ebert,1 Helen E. Fox,7 Rod Fujita,8 Dennis Heinemann,9 Hunter S. Lenihan,10 Elizabeth M. P. Madin,11 Matthew T. Perry,1 Elizabeth R. Selig,6,12 Mark Spalding,13 Robert Steneck,14 Reg Watson15
The management and conservation of the world's oceans require synthesis of spatial data on the distribution and intensity of human activities and the overlap of their impacts on marine ecosystems. We developed an ecosystem-specific, multiscale spatial model to synthesize 17 global data sets of anthropogenic drivers of ecological change for 20 marine ecosystems. Our analysis indicates that no area is unaffected by human influence and that a large fraction (41%) is strongly affected by multiple drivers. However, large areas of relatively little human impact remain, particularly near the poles. The analytical process and resulting maps provide flexible tools for regional and global efforts to allocate conservation resources; to implement ecosystem-based management; and to inform marine spatial planning, education, and basic research.
1 National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, 735 State Street, Santa Barbara, CA 93101, USA.
2 Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology, Post Office Box 1346, Kane`ohe, HI 96744, USA.
3 Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, Oceanview Boulevard, Pacific Grove, CA 93950–3094, USA.
4 Wildlife Conservation Society, 2300 Southern Boulevard, Bronx, NY 10460, USA.
5 Department of Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599–3300, USA.
6 National Oceanographic Data Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), 1315 East-West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA.
7 Conservation Science Program, World Wildlife Fund—United States, 1250 24th Street NW, Washington, DC 20037, USA.
8 Environmental Defense, 5655 College Avenue, Suite 304, Oakland, CA, 94618, USA.
9 Ocean Conservancy, 1300 19th Street, NW, Washington, DC 20006, USA.
10 Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.
11 Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.
12 Curriculum in Ecology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599–3275, USA.
13 Conservation Strategies Division, the Nature Conservancy, 93 Centre Drive, Newmarket, CB8 8AW, UK.
14 School of Marine Sciences, University of Maine, Darling Marine Center, Walpole, ME 04353, USA.
15 Fisheries Center, 2202 Main Mall, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4, Canada.
* These authors contributed equally to this work.
Present address: School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287–4501, USA.
To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: [email protected] , [email protected]
