環(huán)境毒物,，如二惡英,、多氯聯(lián)苯和農(nóng)藥,，可能具有造成心血管疾病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn),。這是血液中長壽命的有機(jī)環(huán)境毒物濃度與動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化之間首次被證明存在關(guān)聯(lián),。由烏普薩拉大學(xué)（Uppsala University）研究人員進(jìn)行的這項(xiàng)研究將于本周在網(wǎng)上公布,，隨后還將刊登在權(quán)威雜志《環(huán)境與健康展望》(Environmental Health Perspectives)上。
心血管疾病,，包括心臟病發(fā)作和中風(fēng),，是工業(yè)化國家最常見的死亡原因，而造成此類疾病的最重要的根本原因是動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化,。血脂不平衡,、糖尿病、吸煙和高血壓是傳統(tǒng)上公認(rèn)的造成動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化的危險(xiǎn)因素,。
以往的研究也曾報(bào)道,，心血管疾病和血液中高濃度的持久性（長壽命和難以降解的）有機(jī)環(huán)境毒物，如二惡英,、多氯聯(lián)苯,、農(nóng)藥,，之間可能存在聯(lián)系。此類化合物具有脂溶性,，因此會(huì)積聚在血管壁上,。然而，早期的研究從未調(diào)查過接觸此類化合物與動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化之間可能存在的聯(lián)系,。
目前的研究測量了生活在烏普薩拉的約1,000名瑞典人體內(nèi)上述化合物的循環(huán)水平,。此外還利用超聲波測量了其頸動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化情況。
調(diào)查結(jié)果顯示,，即使將傳統(tǒng)的危險(xiǎn)因素考慮在內(nèi),，不斷增加的環(huán)境毒物濃度和動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化之間也存在著明確的聯(lián)系，此外它還與血管壁上明顯的脂肪堆積現(xiàn)象存在關(guān)聯(lián),。
烏普薩拉大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)系教授Lars Lind表示：“這些研究結(jié)果表明,，長壽命的有機(jī)環(huán)境毒物可能參與了動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化的發(fā)生，從而導(dǎo)致患者日后死于心血管疾病,。”
職業(yè)與環(huán)境醫(yī)學(xué)副教授Monica Lind則表示：“目前,，大部分此類物質(zhì)在瑞典以及世界上許多國家都是受到禁止的，但由于此類物質(zhì)的壽命很長,，所以仍然存在于我們生活的環(huán)境之中,。我們從所吃的食物中攝入的這些環(huán)境毒物會(huì)存儲(chǔ)在我們體內(nèi)，其濃度將隨著我們年齡的增長越來越高,。”
研究人員正在繼續(xù)研究此類化合物對(duì)動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)Ｐ陀泻斡绊?。他們還將對(duì)接受研究的個(gè)人進(jìn)行監(jiān)測，以確定接觸此類物質(zhì)的行為與人類心臟病發(fā)作和中風(fēng)之間是否存在著直接聯(lián)系,。(生物谷 Bioon.com)
doi:10.1289/ehp.1103563
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PMID:
Circulating Levels of Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) and Carotid Atherosclerosis in the Elderly
P Monica Lind, Bert van Bavel, Samira Salihovic, Lars Lind
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Increased circulating levels of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) have been associated with myocardial infarction. Since myocardial infarction is an atherosclerotic disease, we investigated, in a cross-sectional study, if levels of POPs are related to atherosclerosis.
METHODS: In the population-based Prospective Investigation of the Vasculature in Uppsala Seniors (PIVUS) study (of 1016 participants aged 70) the prevalence of carotid artery plaques was determined by ultrasound. The number of carotid arteries with plaques (0, 1 or 2) was recorded. Also the thickness (IMT) and grey scale (IM-GSM) of the intima-media complex were measured. Twenty-three POPs, including 16 PCBs, five pesticides, one dioxin and one brominated compound (BDE47) were analyzed by high-resolution chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRGC/ HRMS).
RESULTS: Seven of the POPs (PCB congeners 153, 156, 157, 170, 180, 206 and 209) were significantly associated with the number of carotid arteries with plaques even after adjustment for multiple risk factors (gender, waist circumference, body mass index, fasting blood glucose, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, HDL and LDL-cholesterol, serum triglycerides, smoking, antihypertensive treatment, and statin use, p=0.002-0.0001). Highly chlorinated PCBs (194, 206 and 209) were associated with an echolucent IM-GSM (p<0.0001 after adjustment), while associations between POPs and IMT were modest.
CONCLUSIONS: Circulating levels of PCBs were associated with atherosclerotic plaques and echogenicity of the intima-media complex, independently of cardiovascular risk factors, including lipids. This suggests that POPs may be a risk factor myocardial infarction, but associations need to be confirmed in prospective studies.
