冰川和冰蓋的融化并非是導(dǎo)致海平面上升的唯一因素——還有便是你給草坪澆的水,。
根據(jù)發(fā)表在《地球物理學(xué)研究快報(bào)》上的一項(xiàng)研究成果,,灌溉以及其他的地下水汲取會(huì)將巨大體積的淡水從地下深處抽出,進(jìn)而通過徑流的方式匯入小溪,、河流以及其他水路,,并最終流入海洋。
利用在全球范圍內(nèi)搜集的信息,,并且將已知的趨勢(shì)外推到那些數(shù)據(jù)稀少或完全缺失的地區(qū),,美國(guó)弗吉尼亞州瑞斯頓市美國(guó)地質(zhì)調(diào)查局的Leonard F. Konikow估計(jì),,在過去的100年中,人類從地下汲取了超過4500立方千米的淡水——這足以將海平面升高12.6毫米,,或超過這段時(shí)期內(nèi)海平面全部升高值的6%,。
最近幾年中,由于地下水開采水平飛速上漲,,這一比例也變得越來越大:從2000年至2008年,,人類平均每年從蓄水層中抽取約145立方千米的地下水——這足以使海平面每年升高約0.4毫米,或相當(dāng)于這一時(shí)期內(nèi)測(cè)量值的13%,。
對(duì)于剩下那87%的海平面升高,,一些研究認(rèn)為,其中一半源自冰川的融化以及陸地冰蓋的徑流,,而另一半則是由因溫度增加而導(dǎo)致的海洋熱膨脹——特別是在表層海水中——所造成的,。(生物谷 Bioon.com)
doi:10.1029/2011GL048604
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Contribution of global groundwater depletion since 1900 to sea-level rise
Leonard F. Konikow
Removal of water from terrestrial subsurface storage is a natural consequence of groundwater withdrawals, but global depletion is not well characterized. Cumulative groundwater depletion represents a transfer of mass from land to the oceans that contributes to sea-level rise. Depletion is directly calculated using calibrated groundwater models, analytical approaches, or volumetric budget analyses for multiple aquifer systems. Estimated global groundwater depletion during 1900–2008 totals ∼4,500 km3, equivalent to a sea-level rise of 12.6 mm (>6% of the total). Furthermore, the rate of groundwater depletion has increased markedly since about 1950, with maximum rates occurring during the most recent period (2000–2008), when it averaged ∼145 km3/yr (equivalent to 0.40 mm/yr of sea-level rise, or 13% of the reported rate of 3.1 mm/yr during this recent period).