英國科學(xué)家經(jīng)實(shí)驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn),,某些人對“垃圾食品”不由自主的愛好可能由于其某一基因發(fā)生變異,。
盡管如此,研究人員認(rèn)為,,只要建立起健康的生活方式,,哪怕發(fā)生這種基因變異,也不一定就會成為胖子,。
基因變異作怪
其實(shí)早在去年,,科學(xué)家們便發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種被命名為FTO的基因與人體肥胖問題有關(guān),但一直無法解釋其機(jī)理,。
本月11日出版的美國《新英格蘭醫(yī)學(xué)雜志》周刊介紹,,最近,英國敦提大學(xué)生物醫(yī)藥研究學(xué)會專家科林·帕爾默等人組織2726名年齡在4至10歲的蘇格蘭地區(qū)兒童進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn),,一方面測定他們的唾液分析他們的FTO基因是否發(fā)生變異,,一方面記錄他們一日三餐攝入的食物。實(shí)驗(yàn)中,,孩子們每餐都可以自由選擇肉腸,、奶酪、面包圈,、各種蔬果,、水等多種食物。
結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),,在吃下食物等重的情況下,,F(xiàn)TO基因發(fā)生變異的孩子每餐平均比FTO基因未發(fā)生變異的孩子要多攝入100卡路里。研究人員說,,100卡路里雖然不多,,但日積月累,可以達(dá)到每12天增重1磅(約0.45公斤)的效果,。
此外,,實(shí)驗(yàn)還發(fā)現(xiàn)FTO基因有否變異與孩子們的新陳代謝率、運(yùn)動量,、攝食量并無關(guān)聯(lián),。
帕爾默說:“這實(shí)際上說明,這種基因變異有讓人傾向于選擇更不健康、更易致胖食物的功能,。”
致胖并非必然
研究報(bào)告說,,去年針對對象大多是歐洲白人的一項(xiàng)調(diào)查結(jié)果顯示。具有一個(gè)FTO變異基因副本的人肥胖率較常人高出30%,,具有兩個(gè)變異基因副本者肥胖率則較常人高出70%,。
盡管FTO基因變異與肥胖緊密相關(guān),但帕爾默說,,F(xiàn)TO基因變異并不可怕,,它不意味著必然造成肥胖,。FTO基因發(fā)生變異的人完全可以通過控制食量保持正常體重,。
“實(shí)驗(yàn)說明,基因通過行為習(xí)慣導(dǎo)致肥胖,,而不是新陳代謝率,。也就是說,你可以通過努力做出改變,。還有一個(gè)好消息是許多發(fā)生這種基因變異的孩子并不超重……你仍然具有選擇權(quán),,只要你不多吃,這個(gè)基因不會讓你變胖,。”
此外,,美國邁阿密大學(xué)另一項(xiàng)最近進(jìn)行的有關(guān)FTO基因的研究發(fā)現(xiàn),經(jīng)過一段時(shí)間的體育鍛煉,,F(xiàn)TO基因影響體重的效力會減弱,。
總之,帕爾默說,,保持健康體重的秘訣不變,,那就是:健康飲食、經(jīng)常運(yùn)動,。
關(guān)鍵在于預(yù)防
現(xiàn)代社會由肥胖引起的健康問題日趨嚴(yán)重,。美國疾病控制和預(yù)防中心數(shù)據(jù)顯示,全美兒童超過16%屬于肥胖,,成人群體更有高達(dá)35%的肥胖率,。
帕爾默認(rèn)為:“近些年肥胖兒童數(shù)量激增很大程度上要?dú)w咎于大量垃圾食品涌現(xiàn)。這些食品廉價(jià),、高熱量,、容易獲得,誘惑著為數(shù)眾多的(FTO)基因變異者,。”
匹茲堡大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)中心兒童醫(yī)院醫(yī)生古薩姆·拉奧說,,帕爾默等人的研究意義在于告訴人們預(yù)防是避免兒童肥胖的關(guān)鍵。“如果你有孩子,不管他們是否超重,,只要發(fā)現(xiàn)他們喜歡找垃圾食品吃,,你就得出面干預(yù)。要注意的是,,你需要做的是部分控制而不是全面禁止,。如果你完全禁止孩子吃某樣?xùn)|西,那孩子們會誤以為這種食品很特別,,以后只要他們一得到這種食物就容易被吸引且難以自制,。”(生物谷Bioon.com)
生物谷推薦原始出處:
NEJM:Volume 359:2558-2566 December 11, 2008
An Obesity-Associated FTO Gene Variant and Increased Energy Intake in Children
Joanne E. Cecil, Ph.D., Roger Tavendale, Ph.D., Peter Watt, Ph.D., Marion M. Hetherington, Ph.D., and Colin N.A. Palmer, Ph.D.
ABSTRACT
Background Variation in the fat mass and obesity–associated (FTO) gene has provided the most robust associations with common obesity to date. However, the role of FTO variants in modulating specific components of energy balance is unknown.
Methods We studied 2726 Scottish children, 4 to 10 years of age, who underwent genotyping for FTO variant rs9939609 and were measured for height and weight. A subsample of 97 children was examined for possible association of the FTO variant with adiposity, energy expenditure, and food intake.
Results In the total study group and the subsample, the A allele of rs9939609 was associated with increased weight (P=0.003 and P=0.049, respectively) and body-mass index (P=0.003 and P=0.03, respectively). In the intensively phenotyped subsample, the A allele was also associated with increased fat mass (P=0.01) but not with lean mass. Although total and resting energy expenditures were increased in children with the A allele (P=0.009 and P=0.03, respectively), resting energy expenditure was identical to that predicted for the age and weight of the child, indicating that there is no defect in metabolic adaptation to obesity in persons bearing the risk-associated allele. The A allele was associated with increased energy intake (P=0.006) independently of body weight. In contrast, the weight of food ingested by children who had the allele was similar to that in children who did not have the allele (P=0.82).
Conclusions The FTO variant that confers a predisposition to obesity does not appear to be involved in the regulation of energy expenditure but may have a role in the control of food intake and food choice, suggesting a link to a hyperphagic phenotype or a preference for energy-dense foods.