無毛鼴鼠可能掌握著長壽的秘訣,，它們的壽命可達(dá)到30年,，超過了任何嚙齒類動物的壽命
鼴鼠看上去并不是漂亮的動物，但是最新研究發(fā)現(xiàn)無毛鼴鼠可能掌握著長壽的秘密,，它們的壽命可達(dá)到30年,，比任何嚙齒類動物的壽命都長。相關(guān)論文發(fā)表在美國《國家科學(xué)院院刊》（PNAS）上,。
身體組織老化現(xiàn)象是由于體內(nèi)產(chǎn)生氧化物所導(dǎo)致的,，這些氧化物將逐漸磨損DNA分子和蛋白質(zhì)，當(dāng)氧化物磨損了分子之后,，再去破壞身體細(xì)胞,。雖然無毛鼴鼠與老鼠相比，它們體內(nèi)的氧化物含量十分接近，但是無毛鼴鼠的壽命卻是老鼠的3.5倍,。
美國德克薩斯州保健科學(xué)中心的羅謝爾·巴芬斯滕(Rochelle Buffenstein)和同事們對無毛鼴鼠進(jìn)行了深入研究,，他們從無毛鼴鼠和老鼠身體上提取了肝臟組織，并施用化學(xué)藥物,，“拆散”肝臟組織中的蛋白質(zhì),，從而揭示受損狀況。他們發(fā)現(xiàn)無毛鼴鼠體內(nèi)未受損的蛋白質(zhì)數(shù)量是老鼠的兩倍,，這意味著無毛鼴鼠的蛋白質(zhì)循環(huán)體系非?；钴S。
研究小組猜測無毛鼴鼠能夠制造出一些額外數(shù)量的分子,，用于標(biāo)注受損的蛋白質(zhì),，從而加快了體內(nèi)蛋白質(zhì)循環(huán)體系，并將受損蛋白質(zhì)對細(xì)胞的影響降至最低,。研究人員希望進(jìn)一步的研究能夠鑒別和測試這些特殊分子,，盡可能地用于人類抗衰老的藥物研究中。（生物谷Bioon.com）
生物谷推薦原始出處：
PNAS February 17, 2009, doi: 10.1073/pnas.0809620106
Protein stability and resistance to oxidative stress are determinants of longevity in the longest-living rodent, the naked mole-rat
Viviana I. Péreza,b, Rochelle Buffensteina,b,c,d,1, Venkata Masamsettib, Shanique Leonardb, Adam B. Salmonb, James Meleb,c, Blazej Andziakd, Ting Yangd, Yael Edreyd, Bertrand Friguete, Walter Wardb,c, Arlan Richardsona,b,f and Asish Chaudhurib,f,g,1
aDepartments of aCellular and Structural Biology,
gBiochemistry, and
cPhysiology, and
bBarshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229;
fGeriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX 78284;
eLaboratoire de Biologie et Biochimie Cellulaire du Vieillissement, EA 3106, IFR 117, Université Paris 7, Denis Diderot, 2 Place Jussieu, 75251 Paris Cedex 05, France; and
dDepartment of Biology, Graduate School of the City University of New York, New York, NY 10016
Edited by Eviatar Nevo, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel, and approved January 7, 2009 (received for review October 2, 2008)
Abstract
The widely accepted oxidative stress theory of aging postulates that aging results from accumulation of oxidative damage. Surprisingly, data from the longest-living rodent known, naked mole-rats [MRs; mass 35 g; maximum lifespan (MLSP) > 28.3 years], when compared with mice (MLSP 3.5 years) exhibit higher levels of lipid peroxidation, protein carbonylation, and DNA oxidative damage even at a young age. We hypothesize that age-related changes in protein structural stability, oxidation, and degradation are abrogated over the lifespan of the MR. We performed a comprehensive study of oxidation states of protein cysteines [both reversible (sulfenic, disulfide) and indirectly irreversible (sulfinic/sulfonic acids)] in liver from young and old C57BL/6 mice (6 and 28 months) and MRs (2 and >24 years). Furthermore, we compared interspecific differences in urea-induced protein unfolding and ubiquitination and proteasomal activity. Compared with data from young mice, young MRs have 1.6 times as much free protein thiol groups and similar amounts of reversible oxidative damage to cysteine. In addition, they show less urea-induced protein unfolding, less protein ubiquitination, and higher proteasome activity. Mice show a significant age-related increase in cysteine oxidation and higher levels of ubiquitination. In contrast, none of these parameters were significantly altered over 2 decades in MRs. Clearly MRs have markedly attenuated age-related accrual of oxidation damage to thiol groups and age-associated up-regulation of homeostatic proteolytic activity. These pivotal mechanistic interspecies differences may contribute to the divergent aging profiles and strongly implicate maintenance of protein stability and integrity in successful aging.
