人體內(nèi)一種名為“5—HTTLPR”的基因與情緒密切相關(guān)。英國(guó)科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn),,這種基因變體的不同長(zhǎng)短組合能影響生活快樂程度,。
圖片測(cè)試
研究人員選取97名男女參加實(shí)驗(yàn)。經(jīng)檢測(cè),,其中16人的5—HTTLPR基因變體較長(zhǎng),,其他人有兩個(gè)較短的基因變體或有一長(zhǎng)一短兩個(gè)基因變體。
他們從數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)選出一些圖片,,把它們分為3類:傳遞正面信息的圖片,、傳遞負(fù)面信息的圖片和中性圖片。傳遞正面信息的圖片中會(huì)出現(xiàn)巧克力等令人愉快的事物,;而傳遞負(fù)面信息的圖片里會(huì)有毒蜘蛛,、試圖自殺的人等。
研究人員請(qǐng)實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)象觀看含有這些圖片的幻燈片,。每張幻燈片上有兩張圖片,,分別選自3組中任意兩組。
結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),,5—HTTLPR基因變體較長(zhǎng)的16人明顯抗拒負(fù)面信息,。他們關(guān)注令人愉快的圖片,自動(dòng)“屏蔽”負(fù)面,、恐怖的圖片,。其他人的表現(xiàn)則與之相反。
研究報(bào)告發(fā)表在最新一期英國(guó)《皇家學(xué)會(huì)學(xué)報(bào)B》(Proceedings of the RoyalSociety B)上,。
防衛(wèi)傾向
研究人員說,,5—HTTLPR基因有3種變體,其中兩種較短的變體會(huì)增大抑郁和自殺危險(xiǎn),。一種較短的變體則會(huì)夸大人體面對(duì)壓力時(shí)產(chǎn)生的神經(jīng)化學(xué)反應(yīng),,產(chǎn)生較強(qiáng)“防衛(wèi)傾向”。
主持這項(xiàng)研究的英國(guó)埃塞克斯大學(xué)教授伊萊恩·??怂拐f,,人們?nèi)绻鄙龠@種“防衛(wèi)傾向”,更易受到情感障礙和焦慮情緒影響。
她說,,研究首次揭示5—HTTLPR基因變體長(zhǎng)短是決定人們樂觀與否的重要因素,。
5—HTTLPR基因通過激素作用于人體,是決定血清素對(duì)大腦作用的重要因素,。血清素是一種在神經(jīng)細(xì)胞間傳遞化學(xué)信號(hào)的激素,,與情緒密切相關(guān)。一些抗抑郁的藥正是通過調(diào)節(jié)血清素水平進(jìn)行治療,。
多重影響
法新社2月25日引用??怂沟脑捳f:“這些(5—HTTLPR基因變體較長(zhǎng)的)人傾向于看到事物光明的一面。這種傾向是他們的主要認(rèn)知機(jī)制,,決定他們?nèi)绾螒?yīng)對(duì)平時(shí)生活中的壓力,。”
雖然如此,生活經(jīng)歷在個(gè)性塑造過程中仍然作用重大,。她說,,基因組合對(duì)人們生活態(tài)度有所影響,“但影響大多取決于生活經(jīng)歷”,。
先前研究顯示,,生活態(tài)度影響人體健康。樂觀有益健康,,悲觀者則可能壽命較短,。戴著“灰色眼鏡”看世界的人生病幾率較高,無論是頭疼腦熱的小病,,還是中風(fēng),、心臟病和精神疾病等重病。
一旦生病,,生活態(tài)度樂觀的人更易聽從醫(yī)生建議,,悲觀者則可能輕言放棄。壓力會(huì)對(duì)人體免疫系統(tǒng)造成不良影響,。多看事物光明的一面有助于減輕壓力,,增強(qiáng)免疫力。(生物谷Bioon.com)
生物谷推薦原始出處:
Proc. R. Soc. B February 25, 2009, doi: 10.1098/rspb.2008.1788
Looking on the bright side: biased attention and the human serotonin transporter gene
Elaine Fox*, Anna Ridgewell and Chris Ashwin
Department of Psychology, University of Essex Wivenhoe Park, Colchester CO4 3SQ, UK
Abstract
Humans differ in terms of biased attention for emotional stimuli and these biases can confer differential resilience and vulnerability to emotional disorders. Selective processing of positive emotional information, for example, is associated with enhanced sociability and well-being while a bias for negative material is associated with neuroticism and anxiety. A tendency to selectively avoid negative material might also be associated with mental health and well-being. The neurobiological mechanisms underlying these cognitive phenotypes are currently unknown. Here we show for the first time that allelic variation in the promotor region of the serotonin transporter gene (5-HTTLPR) is associated with differential biases for positive and negative affective pictures. Individuals homozygous for the long allele (LL) showed a marked bias to selectively process positive affective material alongside selective avoidance of negative affective material. This potentially protective pattern was absent among individuals carrying the short allele (S or SL). Thus, allelic variation on a common genetic polymorphism was associated with the tendency to selectively process positive or negative information. The current study is important in demonstrating a genotype-related alteration in a well-established processing bias, which is a known risk factor in determining both resilience and vulnerability to emotional disorders.