一般而言,,某種生物的體溫每下降10攝氏度,,其代謝活動(dòng)會(huì)減少約50%,。然而,美國(guó)研究人員17日公布的最新發(fā)現(xiàn)表明,,盡管阿拉斯加黑熊冬眠時(shí)體溫只下降5到6攝氏度,,其代謝活動(dòng)卻急劇下降,只有正常水平的25%,。
阿拉斯加大學(xué)費(fèi)爾班克斯分校及斯坦福大學(xué)研究人員監(jiān)控了部分黑熊5個(gè)月的冬眠時(shí)間,,他們觀察到,這些熊的體溫緩慢地以2到7天為周期在30至36攝氏度之間波動(dòng),。這種現(xiàn)象從未在較小的冬眠動(dòng)物中發(fā)現(xiàn),,而且研究人員此前也根本不知道在哺乳動(dòng)物中存在這種情況,。
通過(guò)測(cè)量黑熊在模擬巢穴中冬眠時(shí)的氧氣消耗量,,研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn),這些黑熊的代謝活動(dòng)比夏天時(shí)的水平低75%,,其心率也會(huì)從每分鐘55跳減緩至14跳,。此外,,研究人員還發(fā)現(xiàn),這些黑熊冬眠結(jié)束之初,,其代謝活動(dòng)仍然只有正常水平的一半,,2到3周后才完全恢復(fù)正常水平。
這項(xiàng)研究成果發(fā)表在新一期美國(guó)《科學(xué)》雜志上,。
研究人員表示,,黑熊冬眠醒來(lái)時(shí),其肌肉,、骨質(zhì)等都完好,,功能都沒有喪失,如果能夠發(fā)現(xiàn)黑熊這一本領(lǐng)的遺傳學(xué)奧秘以及降低代謝需要的機(jī)制,,就有可能開發(fā)出新的治療方法和藥物,,用于預(yù)防骨質(zhì)疏松、廢用性肌萎縮,,甚至可將受傷者置放到某種活動(dòng)力暫?;蚪档偷臓顟B(tài),直到他們能接受先進(jìn)醫(yī)療護(hù)理,,即把搶救治療的黃金小時(shí)延長(zhǎng)為黃金日或黃金周,。(生物谷Bioon.com)
生物谷推薦原文出處:
Science DOI: 10.1126/science.1199435
Hibernation in Black Bears: Independence of Metabolic Suppression from Body Temperature
Øivind Tøien,*, John Blake1, Dale M. Edgar2,?, Dennis A. Grahn3, H. Craig Heller3, and Brian M. Barnes
Abstract
Black bears hibernate for 5 to 7 months a year and, during this time, do not eat, drink, urinate, or defecate. We measured metabolic rate and body temperature in hibernating black bears and found that they suppress metabolism to 25% of basal rates while regulating body temperature from 30° to 36°C, in multiday cycles. Heart rates were reduced from 55 to as few as 9 beats per minute, with profound sinus arrhythmia. After returning to normal body temperature and emerging from dens, bears maintained a reduced metabolic rate for up to 3 weeks. The pronounced reduction and delayed recovery of metabolic rate in hibernating bears suggest that the majority of metabolic suppression during hibernation is independent of lowered body temperature.