在2013年4月25日出版的《自然》雜志上,,清華大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院祁海教授課題組發(fā)表了題為“Follicular T- helper cell recruitment governed by bystander B cells and ICOS-driven motility”的研究論文,首次揭示了ICOS共刺激分子直接控制T淋巴細(xì)胞在體內(nèi)遷移運(yùn)動的新功能,,為理解體液免疫調(diào)節(jié)提供了新線索,。清華大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院博士生徐和平是文章的第一作者。
體液免疫應(yīng)答是機(jī)體在感染病原后產(chǎn)生保護(hù)性抗體的生物學(xué)過程,,是當(dāng)前多數(shù)保護(hù)性疫苗發(fā)揮作用的基礎(chǔ),。產(chǎn)生抗體的B淋巴細(xì)胞在體內(nèi)并不獨(dú)立工作,而是需要通過與另一種白細(xì)胞(CD4型輔助T淋巴細(xì)胞)互動而獲得信號,,并在被稱作“濾泡區(qū)”和“生發(fā)中心”的淋巴組織微環(huán)境中成熟后才能行使功能,。CD4型輔助T淋巴細(xì)胞有功能各不相同的數(shù)個亞群。其中,,專門促進(jìn)B細(xì)胞免疫應(yīng)答叫做濾泡性輔助T細(xì)胞,,它們分布在濾泡和生發(fā)中心。這類T細(xì)胞如何發(fā)育而來目前還不清楚,。這個問題是當(dāng)前抗感染免疫研究的焦點(diǎn)之一,,也是細(xì)胞免疫學(xué)的一個重要課題。ICOS是個經(jīng)典的T細(xì)胞共刺激分子,,可以通過激活PI3K信號促進(jìn)T細(xì)胞活化,。ICOS先天缺陷可導(dǎo)致體液免疫缺陷(普通變異型免疫缺陷癥,,Common Variable Immunodeficiency)。過去的研究顯示ICOS在濾泡性輔助T細(xì)胞上表達(dá)水平很高,,人們因此普遍假設(shè)ICOS信號可能通過誘導(dǎo)關(guān)鍵轉(zhuǎn)錄因子來誘導(dǎo)T細(xì)胞獲得分布到濾泡及生發(fā)中心的能力,。
通過使用多種基因工程小鼠模型,結(jié)合經(jīng)典細(xì)胞免疫學(xué)手段與雙光子在體內(nèi)實(shí)時成像技術(shù),,祁海小組的研究顯示,,ICOS通過PI3K信號誘導(dǎo)細(xì)胞偽足發(fā)生,促進(jìn)T細(xì)胞在體內(nèi)的持續(xù)性運(yùn)動能力,。在淋巴器官濾泡區(qū),,B細(xì)胞組成性表達(dá) ICOS的配體(ICOSL),從而通過持續(xù)刺激ICOS信號使T細(xì)胞能夠有效遷移到濾泡區(qū),。因此,,ICOS信號在體內(nèi)其實(shí)可以直接控制T細(xì)胞運(yùn)動能力,直接決定它們在濾泡區(qū)組織中的遷移與分布,。這些結(jié)果對通行的濾泡輔助T細(xì)胞亞群分化理論提出了挑戰(zhàn),為T細(xì)胞發(fā)育與微環(huán)境關(guān)系的研究開辟了新途徑,,也為將來利用濾泡輔助T細(xì)胞改進(jìn)抗體疫苗打下基礎(chǔ),。另外,由于ICOS分子與很多病理炎癥過程相關(guān),,ICOS調(diào)控T細(xì)胞運(yùn)動的新機(jī)制也為研究T細(xì)胞亞群在炎癥中的作用提供了新思路,。
祁海教授一直致力于研究免疫應(yīng)答中的細(xì)胞動態(tài)與調(diào)節(jié),尤其關(guān)注對體液免疫保護(hù)至關(guān)重要的多細(xì)胞交互作用機(jī)制,。繼2006年在《科學(xué)》揭示B細(xì)胞受樹突狀細(xì)胞活化和2008年在《自然》報道SAP分子調(diào)控T-B細(xì)胞相互作用之后,,這一新成果是他對該領(lǐng)域研究的又一重要貢獻(xiàn)。(生物谷Bioon.com)
doi:10.1038/nature12058
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Follicular T-helper cell recruitment governed by bystander B cells and ICOS-driven motility
Heping Xu, Xuanying Li, Dan Liu, Jianfu Li, Xu Zhang, Xin Chen, Shiyue Hou, Lixia Peng, Chenguang Xu, Wanli Liu, Lianfeng Zhang & Hai Qi
Germinal centres support antibody affinity maturation and memory formation1. Follicular T-helper cells promote proliferation and differentiation of antigen-specific B cells inside the follicle. A genetic deficiency in the inducible co-stimulator (ICOS), a classic CD28 family co-stimulatory molecule highly expressed by follicular T-helper cells, causes profound germinal centre defects, leading to the view that ICOS specifically co-stimulates the follicular T-helper cell differentiation program. Here we show that ICOS directly controls follicular recruitment of activated T-helper cells in mice. This effect is independent from ICOS ligand (ICOSL)-mediated co-stimulation provided by antigen-presenting dendritic cells or cognate B cells, and does not rely on Bcl6-mediated programming as an intermediate step. Instead, it requires ICOSL expression by follicular bystander B cells, which do not present cognate antigen to T-helper cells but collectively form an ICOS-engaging field. Dynamic imaging reveals ICOS engagement drives coordinated pseudopod formation and promotes persistent T-cell migration at the border between the T-cell zone and the B-cell follicle in vivo. When follicular bystander B cells cannot express ICOSL, otherwise competent T-helper cells fail to develop into follicular T-helper cells normally, and fail to promote optimal germinal centre responses. These results demonstrate a co-stimulation-independent function of ICOS, uncover a key role for bystander B cells in promoting the development of follicular T-helper cells, and reveal unsuspected sophistication in dynamic T-cell positioning in vivo.