研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)一種叫做環(huán)-GMP-AMP合成酶（簡稱cGAS）的特殊的酶可作為一種應(yīng)對(duì)HIV及其它逆轉(zhuǎn)錄病毒的免疫感測(cè)器,，它會(huì)在出現(xiàn)第一個(gè)感染跡象時(shí)拉響警報(bào)。盡管人們?cè)谀孓D(zhuǎn)錄病毒中有著巨大的生物醫(yī)學(xué)興趣,，但人們就身體對(duì)就逆轉(zhuǎn)錄病毒的先天免疫反應(yīng)仍然知之甚少,，而它又轉(zhuǎn)而阻礙了疫苗的研發(fā)。到目前為止,，存在于宿主中的,、能夠探測(cè)到包括HIV在內(nèi)的逆轉(zhuǎn)錄病毒的感測(cè)器大體上是未知的。但Daxing Gao及其同事用原代人類細(xì)胞顯示,，HIV的逆轉(zhuǎn)錄——這是一個(gè)病毒復(fù)制所需的過程——會(huì)引起cGAS觸發(fā)一種針對(duì)它的先天免疫反應(yīng),，該反應(yīng)涉及干擾素的產(chǎn)生。他們說,，缺乏該酶的細(xì)胞無法檢測(cè)到HIV,、SIV及小鼠白血病病毒（MLV）。他們的發(fā)現(xiàn)意味著cGAS可作為HIV以及許多其它逆轉(zhuǎn)錄病毒的一種免疫感測(cè)器,，而研究人員提出,，應(yīng)該對(duì)cGAS的產(chǎn)物——環(huán)-GMP-AMP——進(jìn)行是否具有任何治療功效的研究。他們所提供的對(duì)身體感測(cè)HIV的先天免疫的了解可能在未來有助于疫苗的研發(fā),。（生物谷 Bioon.com）
生物谷推薦的英文摘要
Science DOI: 10.1126/science.1240933
Cyclic GMP-AMP Synthase Is an Innate Immune Sensor of HIV and Other Retroviruses
Daxing Gao1, Jiaxi Wu1, You-Tong Wu1, Fenghe Du1,2, Chukwuemika Aroh3,4, Nan Yan3,4, Lijun Sun1,2, Zhijian J. Chen
Retroviruses, including HIV, can activate innate immune responses, but the host sensors for retroviruses are largely unknown. Here, we show that HIV infection activates cyclic-GMP–AMP (cGAMP) synthase (cGAS) to produce cGAMP, which binds to and activates the adaptor protein STING to induce type-I interferons and other cytokines. Inhibitors of HIV reverse transcriptase, but not integrase, abrogated interferon-β induction by the virus, suggesting that the reverse transcribed HIV DNA triggers the innate immune response. Knockout or knockdown of cGAS in mouse or human cell lines blocked cytokine induction by HIV, murine leukemia virus (MLV), and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV). These results indicate that cGAS is an innate immune sensor of HIV and other retroviruses.
