法國國家健康與醫(yī)學研究所10月21日宣布,，他們與國家農藝研究所的科研人員通過共同研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，人體腸道菌群中一種細菌的缺失會導致人患上克羅恩氏病,，這一發(fā)現(xiàn)將有助于開發(fā)針對這種病癥的新療法,。
據(jù)該研究所介紹，克羅恩氏病,，即節(jié)段性回腸炎,，在歐美等國家比較常見，大約每1000人中就有一人患病,，它會引起消化系統(tǒng)發(fā)炎,，具體癥狀包括腹痛、腹瀉,、直腸出血,、體重減輕和關節(jié)炎等。這種病往往難于確診,，因為它的癥狀與腸過敏和潰瘍性結腸炎等其他腸病相似,。
研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，在克羅恩氏病患者的腸道菌群中,，一種名為“柔嫩梭菌群”嚴重缺乏,，甚至數(shù)量幾乎為零，而這個菌群中的主要細菌——F.Prausnitzii的缺失是造成這種狀況的主要原因,?？蒲腥藛T認為，正是因為這種細菌數(shù)量過少導致了人體腸道免疫系統(tǒng)的紊亂,，而且他們還發(fā)現(xiàn),，即使是接受了手術的克羅恩氏病患者，如果體內這種細菌的數(shù)量依然很低，那么其舊病復發(fā)的幾率也會隨之增高,。
為了驗證這種細菌的作用,，科學家們在體外對這種細菌的細胞進行培養(yǎng)，發(fā)現(xiàn)它的分子果然具有抗炎癥的特性,，另外他們還向染病的實驗鼠注射了含有這種細菌的藥物,，結果不但減輕了病鼠的炎癥，還有效延長了它們的壽命,?？蒲行〗M表示，鑒于這種細菌的特殊功能,，它有望作為一種新的益生菌被添加到食品當中,，同時，它也為開發(fā)治療克羅恩氏病的藥物提供了新的思路,。相關論文發(fā)表在美國《國家科學院院刊》（PNAS）上,。（生物谷Bioon.com）
生物谷推薦原始出處：
PNAS，doi: 10.1073/pnas.0804812105 ,，Harry Sokol,，Philippe Langella
Faecalibacterium prausnitzii is an anti-inflammatory commensal bacterium identified by gut microbiota analysis of Crohn disease patients
Harry Sokol*,?, Bénédicte Pigneur?,?, Laurie Watterlot*, Omar Lakhdari*, Luis G. Bermúdez-Humarán*, Jean-Jacques Gratadoux*, Sébastien Blugeon*, Chantal Bridonneau*, Jean-Pierre Furet*, Gérard Corthier*, Corinne Grangette§, Nadia Vasquez?, Philippe Pochart?, Germain Trugnan?, Ginette Thomas?, Hervé M. Blottière*, Jo?l Doré*, Philippe Marteau‖, Philippe Seksik?,**,??, and Philippe Langella
A decrease in the abundance and biodiversity of intestinal bacteria within the dominant phylum Firmicutes has been observed repeatedly in Crohn disease (CD) patients. In this study, we determined the composition of the mucosa-associated microbiota of CD patients at the time of surgical resection and 6 months later using FISH analysis. We found that a reduction of a major member of Firmicutes, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, is associated with a higher risk of postoperative recurrence of ileal CD. A lower proportion of F. prausnitzii on resected ileal Crohn mucosa also was associated with endoscopic recurrence at 6 months. To evaluate the immunomodulatory properties of F. prausnitzii we analyzed the anti-inflammatory effects of F. prausnitzii in both in vitro (cellular models) and in vivo [2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulphonic acid (TNBS)-induced] colitis in mice. In Caco-2 cells transfected with a reporter gene for NF-κB activity, F. prausnitzii had no effect on IL-1β-induced NF-κB activity, whereas the supernatant abolished it. In vitro peripheral blood mononuclear cell stimulation by F. prausnitzii led to significantly lower IL-12 and IFN-γ production levels and higher secretion of IL-10. Oral administration of either live F. prausnitzii or its supernatant markedly reduced the severity of TNBS colitis and tended to correct the dysbiosis associated with TNBS colitis, as demonstrated by real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) analysis. F. prausnitzii exhibits anti-inflammatory effects on cellular and TNBS colitis models, partly due to secreted metabolites able to block NF-κB activation and IL-8 production. These results suggest that counterbalancing dysbiosis using F. prausnitzii as a probiotic is a promising strategy in CD treatment.
