法國(guó)國(guó)家健康與醫(yī)學(xué)研究所10月21日宣布，他們與國(guó)家農(nóng)藝研究所的科研人員通過(guò)共同研究發(fā)現(xiàn),，人體腸道菌群中一種細(xì)菌的缺失會(huì)導(dǎo)致人患上克羅恩氏病,，這一發(fā)現(xiàn)將有助于開(kāi)發(fā)針對(duì)這種病癥的新療法。
據(jù)該研究所介紹,，克羅恩氏病,，即節(jié)段性回腸炎，在歐美等國(guó)家比較常見(jiàn),，大約每1000人中就有一人患病,，它會(huì)引起消化系統(tǒng)發(fā)炎，具體癥狀包括腹痛,、腹瀉,、直腸出血、體重減輕和關(guān)節(jié)炎等,。這種病往往難于確診,，因?yàn)樗陌Y狀與腸過(guò)敏和潰瘍性結(jié)腸炎等其他腸病相似。
研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn),，在克羅恩氏病患者的腸道菌群中,，一種名為“柔嫩梭菌群”嚴(yán)重缺乏，甚至數(shù)量幾乎為零,，而這個(gè)菌群中的主要細(xì)菌——F.Prausnitzii的缺失是造成這種狀況的主要原因,。科研人員認(rèn)為,，正是因?yàn)檫@種細(xì)菌數(shù)量過(guò)少導(dǎo)致了人體腸道免疫系統(tǒng)的紊亂,，而且他們還發(fā)現(xiàn)，即使是接受了手術(shù)的克羅恩氏病患者,，如果體內(nèi)這種細(xì)菌的數(shù)量依然很低,，那么其舊病復(fù)發(fā)的幾率也會(huì)隨之增高。
為了驗(yàn)證這種細(xì)菌的作用,，科學(xué)家們?cè)隗w外對(duì)這種細(xì)菌的細(xì)胞進(jìn)行培養(yǎng),，發(fā)現(xiàn)它的分子果然具有抗炎癥的特性,，另外他們還向染病的實(shí)驗(yàn)鼠注射了含有這種細(xì)菌的藥物，結(jié)果不但減輕了病鼠的炎癥,，還有效延長(zhǎng)了它們的壽命,。科研小組表示,，鑒于這種細(xì)菌的特殊功能,，它有望作為一種新的益生菌被添加到食品當(dāng)中，同時(shí),，它也為開(kāi)發(fā)治療克羅恩氏病的藥物提供了新的思路,。相關(guān)論文發(fā)表在美國(guó)《國(guó)家科學(xué)院院刊》（PNAS）上。（生物谷Bioon.com）
生物谷推薦原始出處：
PNAS,，doi: 10.1073/pnas.0804812105 ,，Harry Sokol，Philippe Langella
Faecalibacterium prausnitzii is an anti-inflammatory commensal bacterium identified by gut microbiota analysis of Crohn disease patients
Harry Sokol*,?, Bénédicte Pigneur?,?, Laurie Watterlot*, Omar Lakhdari*, Luis G. Bermúdez-Humarán*, Jean-Jacques Gratadoux*, Sébastien Blugeon*, Chantal Bridonneau*, Jean-Pierre Furet*, Gérard Corthier*, Corinne Grangette§, Nadia Vasquez?, Philippe Pochart?, Germain Trugnan?, Ginette Thomas?, Hervé M. Blottière*, Jo?l Doré*, Philippe Marteau‖, Philippe Seksik?,**,??, and Philippe Langella
A decrease in the abundance and biodiversity of intestinal bacteria within the dominant phylum Firmicutes has been observed repeatedly in Crohn disease (CD) patients. In this study, we determined the composition of the mucosa-associated microbiota of CD patients at the time of surgical resection and 6 months later using FISH analysis. We found that a reduction of a major member of Firmicutes, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, is associated with a higher risk of postoperative recurrence of ileal CD. A lower proportion of F. prausnitzii on resected ileal Crohn mucosa also was associated with endoscopic recurrence at 6 months. To evaluate the immunomodulatory properties of F. prausnitzii we analyzed the anti-inflammatory effects of F. prausnitzii in both in vitro (cellular models) and in vivo [2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulphonic acid (TNBS)-induced] colitis in mice. In Caco-2 cells transfected with a reporter gene for NF-κB activity, F. prausnitzii had no effect on IL-1β-induced NF-κB activity, whereas the supernatant abolished it. In vitro peripheral blood mononuclear cell stimulation by F. prausnitzii led to significantly lower IL-12 and IFN-γ production levels and higher secretion of IL-10. Oral administration of either live F. prausnitzii or its supernatant markedly reduced the severity of TNBS colitis and tended to correct the dysbiosis associated with TNBS colitis, as demonstrated by real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) analysis. F. prausnitzii exhibits anti-inflammatory effects on cellular and TNBS colitis models, partly due to secreted metabolites able to block NF-κB activation and IL-8 production. These results suggest that counterbalancing dysbiosis using F. prausnitzii as a probiotic is a promising strategy in CD treatment.
