2008年12月31日北京大學(xué)分子醫(yī)學(xué)研究所程和平教授研究組最新研究論文“Calcium flickers steer cell migration”在線發(fā)表于頂級(jí)學(xué)術(shù)期刊Nature,論文報(bào)道了鈣信號(hào)調(diào)控細(xì)胞遷移運(yùn)動(dòng)的新發(fā)現(xiàn)和新觀點(diǎn)。同日,Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology and Cell Migration Gateway在其Research Highlight中以“Cell migration: Calcium flickers at the front”為題,,對(duì)該論文進(jìn)行了配圖報(bào)道(Featured Article),。
發(fā)育早期,所有細(xì)胞都具備遷移能力,,進(jìn)而形成復(fù)雜的器官,、神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)乃至生命個(gè)體;而成體細(xì)胞的遷移活動(dòng)在機(jī)體免疫防衛(wèi),、創(chuàng)傷修復(fù)及器官重塑等過(guò)程中發(fā)揮重要作用,。許多重大疾病過(guò)程,如動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化,、腫瘤細(xì)胞擴(kuò)散等也與細(xì)胞遷移運(yùn)動(dòng)的異常密切相關(guān),。程和平研究組運(yùn)用共聚焦顯微成像技術(shù),發(fā)現(xiàn)遷移成纖維細(xì)胞頭部存在大量微小而短暫的鈣信號(hào)事件,,即“鈣閃爍”現(xiàn)象,,并證明鈣閃爍起著掌控細(xì)胞運(yùn)動(dòng)的“方向舵”作用。實(shí)驗(yàn)條件下,,鈣閃爍被抑制的細(xì)胞可以維持直線運(yùn)動(dòng),,但完全喪失了定向和轉(zhuǎn)彎的能力。
這一最新研究成果解決了困擾細(xì)胞遷移研究領(lǐng)域十多年的一個(gè)悖論:前人的研究表明,,遷移細(xì)胞內(nèi)鈣信號(hào)呈“頭部低,、尾部高”的梯度,尾部高鈣信號(hào)與尾部的回縮直接相關(guān),,而頭部低鈣信號(hào)如何調(diào)節(jié)更為復(fù)雜的細(xì)胞定向及轉(zhuǎn)彎活動(dòng),,卻一直沒(méi)有合理的解釋。最新發(fā)現(xiàn)的集中于頭部的“鈣閃爍”事件為激活細(xì)胞定向運(yùn)動(dòng)的信號(hào)分子提供了動(dòng)態(tài)的局部高鈣信號(hào),。
該論文的另一個(gè)重要意義在于,,提出了“鈣閃爍引導(dǎo)細(xì)胞定向遷移”的新觀點(diǎn):在外界趨化因子梯度誘導(dǎo)下,鈣閃爍發(fā)放呈現(xiàn)不對(duì)稱特性,,即趨化因子濃度高的一側(cè),,鈣閃爍更為活躍,驅(qū)動(dòng)細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)向此側(cè),,從而精確地調(diào)控細(xì)胞的定向遷移,。
此外,作者通過(guò)細(xì)致深入的研究進(jìn)一步確定了鈣閃爍產(chǎn)生的相關(guān)通道蛋白分子。以基因干擾技術(shù)沉默此通道蛋白,,可以抑制鈣閃爍的產(chǎn)生,,進(jìn)而抑制細(xì)胞遷移。這一發(fā)現(xiàn)為尋找干預(yù)細(xì)胞遷移的藥理學(xué)和生物醫(yī)學(xué)工程學(xué)手段提供了新的靶點(diǎn)和思路,。
鈣閃爍的發(fā)現(xiàn)也為“鈣火花”家族增添了一名新成員,。鈣火花代表細(xì)胞內(nèi)最小鈣信號(hào)單位,由程和平等于1993年在心臟肌肉細(xì)胞中發(fā)現(xiàn)并命名,。鈣閃爍與鈣火花的最大不同之處在于二者分別由不同的通道分子所產(chǎn)生,。
該論文第一作者是分子醫(yī)學(xué)研究所博士畢業(yè)生魏朝亮,其他作者包括分子醫(yī)學(xué)研究所王顯花,、陳敏,、歐陽(yáng)昆富以及美國(guó)愛(ài)荷華大學(xué)宋龍生。程和平和魏朝亮為共同通訊作者,。
本研究為科技部國(guó)家重點(diǎn)基礎(chǔ)研究發(fā)展計(jì)劃(973)和國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金委資助課題,,實(shí)驗(yàn)全部在北京大學(xué)分子醫(yī)學(xué)研究所完成。(生物谷Bioon.com)
生物谷推薦原始出處:
Nature advance online publication 31 December 2008 doi:10.1038/nature07577
Calcium flickers steer cell migration
Chaoliang Wei1, Xianhua Wang1, Min Chen1, Kunfu Ouyang1, Long-Sheng Song2 & Heping Cheng1
1 Institute of Molecular Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
2 Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
Directional movement is a property common to all cell types during development and is critical to tissue remodelling and regeneration after damage1, 2, 3. In migrating cells, calcium has a multifunctional role in directional sensing, cytoskeleton redistribution, traction force generation, and relocation of focal adhesions1, 4, 5, 6, 7. Here we visualize high-calcium microdomains ('calcium flickers') and their patterned activation in migrating human embryonic lung fibroblasts. Calcium flicker activity is dually coupled to membrane tension (by means of TRPM7, a stretch-activated Ca2+-permeant channel of the transient receptor potential superfamily8) and chemoattractant signal transduction (by means of type 2 inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors). Interestingly, calcium flickers are most active at the leading lamella of migrating cells, displaying a 4:1 front-to-rear polarization opposite to the global calcium gradient6. When exposed to a platelet-derived growth factor gradient perpendicular to cell movement, asymmetric calcium flicker activity develops across the lamella and promotes the turning of migrating fibroblasts. These findings show how the exquisite spatiotemporal organization of calcium microdomains can orchestrate complex cellular processes such as cell migration.