來自Fred Hutchinson癌癥研究中心基礎(chǔ)科學(xué)研究分部的科學(xué)家在對(duì)生殖干細(xì)胞在饑餓環(huán)境下的活性機(jī)制研究取得新的進(jìn)展,,研究成果文章Starvation Protects Germline Stem Cells and Extends Reproductive Longevity in C.elegans發(fā)表在Science在線版上。
文章通訊作者是Marc R Van Gilst,,F(xiàn)red Hutchinson癌癥研究中心的助理研究員,1998年于Oregon大學(xué)獲得博士學(xué)位,主要從事分子和細(xì)胞生物學(xué)方面的研究,。
在許多種動(dòng)物中,人們知道饑餓或嚴(yán)格限制熱卡的攝入的作用相當(dāng)于按下了一個(gè)衰老過程的“暫停鍵”,;但是在線蟲類蠕蟲中,,饑餓還很像一個(gè)對(duì)生殖系統(tǒng)的“重設(shè)”指令,可使其新的卵細(xì)胞的產(chǎn)生被延后到其生命的非常晚的時(shí)期,。
觀察對(duì)其它動(dòng)物(包括人類)進(jìn)行食物熱卡限制是否也會(huì)產(chǎn)生類似的效應(yīng)是有必要的,,但這種聯(lián)想在目前仍然只是一種猜測(cè)。
目前已經(jīng)知道,,C.elegans蠕蟲在受到饑餓和壓力時(shí)可在其幼蟲期的數(shù)個(gè)發(fā)育點(diǎn)出現(xiàn)發(fā)育中止的反應(yīng),。Marc研究小組發(fā)現(xiàn)另外一個(gè)發(fā)育中止的階段,,該發(fā)育中止發(fā)生在性成熟的成蟲在受到饑餓刺激的時(shí)候。在這個(gè)階段(被稱作成蟲生殖滯育),,受到饑餓對(duì)待的蠕蟲的排卵及卵子的成熟會(huì)中止,,且其生殖細(xì)胞系(即產(chǎn)生新的卵子的那些細(xì)胞)中的大多數(shù)細(xì)胞會(huì)被扼殺。但是,,這些蠕蟲仍然會(huì)保存一些干細(xì)胞,,這些干細(xì)胞會(huì)在蠕蟲開始再次進(jìn)食的時(shí)候產(chǎn)生整個(gè)的新的功能性生殖細(xì)胞系。
目前,,這些發(fā)現(xiàn)的確切的基本機(jī)制仍然不清楚,,但它牽涉到細(xì)胞核內(nèi)的一種叫做 NHR-49的信號(hào)傳導(dǎo)受體,這是蠕蟲中的相當(dāng)于某些哺乳動(dòng)物饑餓反應(yīng)以及調(diào)節(jié)排卵的信號(hào)傳導(dǎo)受體的對(duì)應(yīng)物,。(生物谷Bioon.com)
生物谷推薦原始出處:
Science August 27, 2009 DOI: 10.1126/science.1178343
Starvation Protects Germline Stem Cells and Extends Reproductive Longevity in C. elegans
Giana Angelo 1 and Marc R. Van Gilst 1*
1 Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave North, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
Study of starvation-resistant biological programs has elucidated numerous mechanisms influencing aging. Here, we present the discovery and characterization of starvation-induced adult reproductive diapause (ARD) in C. elegans. ARD differs from the C. elegans dauer diapause in that it enables sexually mature adults to delay reproductive onset 15-fold and extend total adult lifespan at least 3-fold. Effectiveness of ARD requires apoptotic death of the entire germline, except for a small population of protected germline stem cells (GSCs). Upon refeeding, surviving GSCs regenerate a new germline capable of offspring production near the level of nonstarved animals. The starvation-sensing nuclear receptor NHR-49 is required for ARD entry and recovery. Our findings establish mechanisms for preserving stem cell potency and reproductive potential during prolonged starvation.