一種全身性炎癥---敗血癥是危重病人的主要死亡原因。敗血癥與大規(guī)模細胞死亡相關(guān)聯(lián),,然而敗血癥的特異性致命機理一直都不清楚。如今,,2011年12月23日發(fā)表在《細胞》子刊《Immunity》的一篇新研究發(fā)現(xiàn)抑制一種稱作壞死樣凋亡的特異性細胞死亡途徑保護小鼠免受致命性炎癥,。該研究可能導(dǎo)致人們針對這種極難控制的致命性炎癥開發(fā)出新的治療性干預(yù)。
全身炎性反應(yīng)綜合癥(systemic inflammatory response syndrome, SIRS)是一種全身性炎性反應(yīng),,是由諸如敗血癥之類感染或由某種諸如嚴重燒傷之類物理創(chuàng)傷導(dǎo)致的,。敗血癥和全身炎性反應(yīng)綜合癥被認為是由細胞因子即腫瘤壞死因子(tumor necrosis factor, TNF)產(chǎn)生的。然而,,盡管研究表明TNF在發(fā)炎,、細胞死亡和存活中發(fā)揮作用,但是TNF與全身炎性反應(yīng)綜合癥相關(guān)聯(lián)的特異性機制還未得到很好理解,。
比利時根特大學(xué)法蘭德斯生物技術(shù)學(xué)院Peter Vandenabeele博士,,也是該研究通信作者,,他解釋道,“TNF與TNF受體1結(jié)合激活兩種相互對立的途徑:存活/發(fā)炎和細胞死亡,。依賴于細胞背景,,一種額外的開關(guān)在凋亡和壞死樣凋亡(necroptosis)這兩種細胞死亡途徑之間作出決定。在我們的研究中,,我們研究了這兩種細胞死亡途徑在全身炎性反應(yīng)綜合癥中的作用,。”
Vandenabeele博士和同事們發(fā)現(xiàn)盡管破壞凋亡所必需的分子對致死性全身炎性反應(yīng)綜合癥沒有任何影響,但是抑制或基因刪除壞死樣凋亡所必需的RIPK分子則可以完全避免全身炎性反應(yīng)綜合癥導(dǎo)致的致死性,?;旧隙裕种埔环N細胞死亡途徑并不能保護小鼠免受致死性發(fā)炎,,而破壞一種不同細胞死亡途徑則可以改善存活,。研究人員進一步在臨床相關(guān)背景下證實他們的發(fā)現(xiàn):RIPK缺陷給腹膜炎(peritonitis)模式動物小鼠提供保護。
綜合在一起,,這些結(jié)果表明RIPK在敗血癥介導(dǎo)的致死性上存在著關(guān)鍵性作用,,也揭示了用于治療全身炎性反應(yīng)綜合癥和敗血癥的潛在靶標。Vandenabeele博士下結(jié)論道,,“選擇性地靶向壞死樣凋亡過程可能要比全面阻斷TNF更有優(yōu)勢,,因為它為TNF的重要抗感染功能留下空間。對與壞死樣凋亡相關(guān)聯(lián)的精確調(diào)控途徑和涉及RIPK 途徑的分子相互作用的新觀點將會為人們介入治療這些以前被列為不可控制的和高死亡率的病理癥狀提供額外的靶標,。” (生物谷:towersimper編譯)
doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2011.09.020
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RIP Kinase-Dependent Necrosis Drives Lethal Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome
Linde Duprez, Nozomi Takahashi, Filip Van Hauwermeiren, Benjamin Vandendriessche, Vera Goossens, Tom Vanden Berghe, Wim Declercq, Claude Libert, Anje Cauwels, Peter Vandenabeele
Engagement of tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 signals two diametrically opposed pathways: survival-inflammation and cell death. An additional switch decides, depending on the cellular context, between caspase-dependent apoptosis and RIP kinase (RIPK)-mediated necrosis, also termed necroptosis. We explored the contribution of both cell death pathways in TNF-induced systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). Deletion of apoptotic executioner caspases (caspase-3 or -7) or inflammatory caspase-1 had no impact on lethal SIRS. However, deletion of RIPK3 conferred complete protection against lethal SIRS and reduced the amounts of circulating damage-associated molecular patterns. Pretreatment with the RIPK1 kinase inhibitor, necrostatin-1, provided a similar effect. These results suggest that RIPK1-RIPK3-mediated cellular damage by necrosis drives mortality during TNF-induced SIRS. RIPK3 deficiency also protected against cecal ligation and puncture, underscoring the clinical relevance of RIPK kinase inhibition in sepsis and identifying components of the necroptotic pathway that are potential therapeutic targets for treatment of SIRS and sepsis.