日本研究人員在新一期英國(guó)《自然·通信》雜志上發(fā)表報(bào)告說(shuō),，他們利用成年實(shí)驗(yàn)鼠干細(xì)胞和人類干細(xì)胞分別培育出毛囊,，并移植到?jīng)]毛發(fā)的實(shí)驗(yàn)鼠皮膚上，都成功讓它長(zhǎng)出毛發(fā),，未來(lái)有望將這一技術(shù)用于治療禿頭癥,。
東京理科大學(xué)教授辻孝領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的研究小組從實(shí)驗(yàn)鼠皮膚上獲取了兩種干細(xì)胞，并在實(shí)驗(yàn)室中將它們培育成毛囊,，然后將這種人工培育的毛囊移植到本身沒(méi)有毛發(fā)的實(shí)驗(yàn)鼠皮膚上,，結(jié)果后者成功長(zhǎng)出了毛發(fā)。分析顯示,，移植的毛囊與周圍的皮膚和神經(jīng)等組織融合良好,，在毛發(fā)脫落后還能繼續(xù)長(zhǎng)出新的毛發(fā)。
據(jù)研究人員介紹,，他們還從一名人類禿頭癥患者的頭皮上提取了相關(guān)組織,，并按同樣方法培育出毛囊，移植到實(shí)驗(yàn)鼠皮膚上后也能長(zhǎng)出毛發(fā),。
這項(xiàng)成果為禿頭癥患者帶來(lái)新希望,。如果進(jìn)一步臨床實(shí)驗(yàn)取得成功，禿頭癥患者將來(lái)也許只需提供一些頭皮細(xì)胞,，就能重新長(zhǎng)出頭發(fā),。研究人員說(shuō)，將力爭(zhēng)10年內(nèi)把這項(xiàng)技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)化為可臨床應(yīng)用的新療法,。
除了頭發(fā)再生外,，研究人員還說(shuō)，可通過(guò)在人工培育毛囊時(shí)改變其中的細(xì)胞構(gòu)成,，從而控制毛囊移植后所長(zhǎng)出毛發(fā)的密度和顏色,。也就是說(shuō)，一名白發(fā)稀疏的老者將來(lái)或可利用這項(xiàng)技術(shù)獲得滿頭濃密的黑發(fā),。(生物谷：Bioon.com)
doi:10.1038/ncomms1784
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Fully functional hair follicle regeneration through the rearrangement of stem cells and their niches
Koh-ei Toyoshima, Kyosuke Asakawa, Naoko Ishibashi, Hiroshi Toki, Miho Ogawa, Tomoko Hasegawa, Tarou Irié, Tetsuhiko Tachikawa, Akio Sato, Akira Takeda & Takashi Tsuji
Cholesterol regulates the signaling of μ-opioid receptor in cell models, but has not been demonstrated in mice or humans. In addition, whether cholesterol regulates the signaling by mechanism other than supporting the entirety lipid raft microdomains is still unknown. By modulating cholesterol-enriched lipid raft microdomains and/or total cellular cholesterol contents in human embryonic kidney cells stably expressing μ-opioid receptor, it is concluded that cholesterol stabilized opioid signaling both by supporting the lipid raft's entirety and by facilitating G protein coupling in heterologous expression system. Similar phenomena were also observed in the primary rat hippocampal neurons. In addition, reducing the brain cholesterol level with simvastatin impaired the analgesia effect of opioids in mice, whereas opioid analgesic effect was enhanced in mice fed with high-cholesterol diet. Furthermore, when the records of patients were analyzed, an inverse correlation between cholesterol levels and fentanyl doses used for anesthesia was identified, which suggested the mechanisms above could also be applicable in humans. Current results identified the interaction between opioids and cholesterol, which should be considered in clinic as a probable route for drug-drug interaction. The studies also suggested that low cholesterol level could lead to clinical issues such as the observed impairment in opioid functions.
