分析腦組織切片,，研究人員首次發(fā)現(xiàn)大腦中的干細胞定位于周圍小血管,。大腦中干細胞的特定功能目前尚不得而知,，但其可塑性會有巨大研究開發(fā)潛力,。類似的細胞類型已被確定在其他一些器官中存在,，這些細胞可以促進肌肉,、骨骼、軟骨和脂肪組織的再生,。
在其他器官中,，研究人員已經(jīng)有明確的證據(jù)證明這些類型的細胞有助于修復和傷口愈合?？茖W家們建議這種療法可能也適用于大腦,。下一步就是要盡量控制和提高干細胞自我修復屬性，開展有針對性的治療,。
隆德大學神經(jīng)科學副教授Gesine Paul-Visse博士說：我們的研究結(jié)果表明細胞的容量比我們原先想象的要大得多,，而且這些細胞是非常靈活的。
最有趣的是他們形成神經(jīng)細胞的能力,，但它們也可用于其他類型的細胞,。研究結(jié)果有助于更好地了解腦細胞的可塑性，并利用這些非常功能開辟新的機遇,。
Paul-Visse博士說：我們希望我們的研究結(jié)果便于我們更好地了解大腦的自身修復機制,。最終利用這些機制開發(fā)新的可以修復病變腦的治療方法。（生物谷：Bioon.com）
doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0035577
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The Adult Human Brain Harbors Multipotent Perivascular Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Gesine Paul1,2,8#*, Ilknur zen1,8#, Nicolaj S. Christophersen1, Thomas Reinbothe3, Johan Bengzon4, Edward Visse5, Katarina Jansson6, Karin Dannaeus6, Catarina Henriques-Oliveira1, Laurent Roybon1, Sergey V. Anisimov1, Erik Renstr?m3, Mikael Svensson7, Anders Haegerstrand6, Patrik Brundin1,9
Blood vessels and adjacent cells form perivascular stem cell niches in adult tissues. In this perivascular niche, a stem cell with mesenchymal characteristics was recently identified in some adult somatic tissues. These cells are pericytes that line the microvasculature, express mesenchymal markers and differentiate into mesodermal lineages but might even have the capacity to generate tissue-specific cell types. Here, we isolated, purified and characterized a previously unrecognized progenitor population from two different regions in the adult human brain, the ventricular wall and the neocortex. We show that these cells co-express markers for mesenchymal stem cells and pericytes in vivo and in vitro, but do not express glial, neuronal progenitor, hematopoietic, endothelial or microglial markers in their native state. Furthermore, we demonstrate at a clonal level that these progenitors have true multilineage potential towards both, the mesodermal and neuroectodermal phenotype. They can be epigenetically induced in vitro into adipocytes, chondroblasts and osteoblasts but also into glial cells and immature neurons. This progenitor population exhibits long-term proliferation, karyotype stability and retention of phenotype and multipotency following extensive propagation. Thus, we provide evidence that the vascular niche in the adult human brain harbors a novel progenitor with multilineage capacity that appears to represent mesenchymal stem cells and is different from any previously described human neural stem cell. Future studies will elucidate whether these cells may play a role for disease or may represent a reservoir that can be exploited in efforts to repair the diseased human brain.
