9月30日,Nature在線發(fā)表了中國科學(xué)院動(dòng)物研究所周琪研究組和趙小陽研究組合作完成的一項(xiàng)研究工作,該研究首次實(shí)現(xiàn)了利用基因修飾的單倍體胚胎干細(xì)胞獲得健康成活的轉(zhuǎn)基因哺乳動(dòng)物。
單倍體細(xì)胞及其發(fā)育而成的個(gè)體是研究隱性遺傳基因的理想模型,。針對(duì)單倍體胚胎干細(xì)胞進(jìn)行基因操作可以將基因修飾直接遺傳給后代,,從而避免了其他轉(zhuǎn)基因方法種系嵌合等方面的要求,,可以極大提高基因修飾的效率極其應(yīng)用范圍,。但哺乳動(dòng)物中除配子外并不存在天然單倍體細(xì)胞,。盡管國內(nèi)外的研究人員已經(jīng)在哺乳動(dòng)物單倍體胚胎干細(xì)胞的建立方面取得了一定的成果,但在此工作前,,尚未獲得通過單倍體胚胎干細(xì)胞產(chǎn)生的健康成活的基因修飾動(dòng)物,。
周琪研究組和趙小陽研究組于2009年底開始小鼠單倍體胚胎干細(xì)胞的建立工作,經(jīng)歷了長達(dá)2年的實(shí)驗(yàn)摸索,,終于在2011年8月獲得了由孤雄單倍體胚胎干細(xì)胞與卵母細(xì)胞受精發(fā)育成的健康小鼠,。其中10只動(dòng)物至今仍健康存活,并可正常繁殖后代,。同時(shí),,該團(tuán)隊(duì)還將攜帶基因修飾的單倍體胚胎干細(xì)胞與卵母細(xì)胞受精,獲得了28只由單倍體胚胎干細(xì)胞“受精”發(fā)育而成的基因修飾小鼠,,其中有8只存活至今,,并已經(jīng)繁殖出下一代。
該研究為靈長類等大動(dòng)物的基因功能研究及疾病模型的建立開辟了一條新的道路,。目前,,哺乳動(dòng)物中除了大鼠與小鼠的胚胎干細(xì)胞能夠作為遺傳修飾的載體外,其他物種包括靈長類動(dòng)物的胚胎干細(xì)胞無法進(jìn)行生殖系傳遞,,從而嚴(yán)重限制了利用這些物種建立疾病模型的工作,。周琪等利用單倍體干細(xì)胞既能維持單倍性、又具有無限擴(kuò)增能力的特性,,建立了利用單倍體干細(xì)胞進(jìn)行基因修飾并遺傳的技術(shù)體系,。這一方法有望克服目前難以獲得能夠穩(wěn)定遺傳的非嚙齒類基因修飾動(dòng)物的難題,對(duì)藥物開發(fā),、疾病發(fā)生機(jī)制等研究工作將產(chǎn)生積極的促進(jìn)作用,。
該研究同時(shí)為研究生殖與發(fā)育的調(diào)控機(jī)制提供了模型,并提示類似技術(shù)可能對(duì)于人類致病基因的篩查和通過輔助生殖技術(shù)進(jìn)行基因修正提供新的途徑,。
該研究工作得到了科技部,、中國科學(xué)院和國家自然科學(xué)基金委的資助,。中科院遺傳與發(fā)育研究所的王秀杰研究員與東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)的劉忠華教授及其團(tuán)隊(duì)成員參與了該項(xiàng)研究,。(生物谷Bioon.com)
doi:10.1038/nature11435
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Androgenetic haploid embryonic stem cells produce live transgenic mice
Xiao-Yang Zhao & Qi Zhou
Haploids and double haploids are important resources for studying recessive traits and have large impacts on crop breeding1, but natural haploids are rare in animals. Mammalian haploids are restricted to germline cells and are occasionally found in tumours with massive chromosome loss2, 3. Recent success in establishing haploid embryonic stem (ES) cells in medaka fish4 and mice5, 6 raised the possibility of using engineered mammalian haploid cells in genetic studies. However, the availability and functional characterization of mammalian haploid ES cells are still limited. Here we show that mouse androgenetic haploid ES (ahES) cell lines can be established by transferring sperm into an enucleated oocyte. The ahES cells maintain haploidy and stable growth over 30?passages, express pluripotent markers, possess the ability to differentiate into all three germ layers in vitro and in vivo, and contribute to germlines of chimaeras when injected into blastocysts. Although epigenetically distinct from sperm cells, the ahES cells can produce viable and fertile progenies after intracytoplasmic injection into mature oocytes. The oocyte-injection procedure can also produce viable transgenic mice from genetically engineered ahES cells. Our findings show the developmental pluripotency of androgenentic haploids and provide a new tool to quickly produce genetic models for recessive traits. They may also shed new light on assisted reproduction.