9月6日,，國(guó)際著名雜志Cell在線(xiàn)發(fā)表了美國(guó)科學(xué)家的一篇Transcription of Two Long Noncoding RNAs Mediates Mating-Type Control of Gametogenesis in Budding Yeast的研究論文,，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)長(zhǎng)非編碼RNA（ long noncoding RNAs ,，lncRNAs）的轉(zhuǎn)錄介導(dǎo)芽殖酵母配子形成的接合型控制。
由親本產(chǎn)生的有性生殖細(xì)胞(配子),，經(jīng)過(guò)兩性生殖細(xì)胞(例如精子和卵細(xì)胞)的結(jié)合,，成為受精卵，再由受精卵發(fā)育成為新個(gè)體的生殖方式,，叫做有性生殖,。由此可見(jiàn)，配子形成對(duì)于有性生殖來(lái)說(shuō)至關(guān)重要,。
本研究發(fā)現(xiàn),，在芽殖酵母中，兩個(gè)長(zhǎng)非編碼RNA（IRT1和ME4）介導(dǎo)孢子形成的接合型控制,。單倍體中,，配子形成中主要誘導(dǎo)子IRT1的表達(dá)被lncRNAs抑制。lncRNAs轉(zhuǎn)錄后通過(guò)招募 Set2 組氨酸甲基轉(zhuǎn)移酶和Set3 組氨酸脫乙酰酶復(fù)合體進(jìn)而形成抑制型染色質(zhì)來(lái)抑制配子形成中IRT1的表達(dá),，從而不能產(chǎn)生配子,。兩倍體中長(zhǎng)非編碼RNA被抑制表達(dá)而可以形成配子，進(jìn)而形成孢子,。進(jìn)一步研究發(fā)現(xiàn),，在二倍體中表達(dá)兩個(gè)長(zhǎng)非編碼RNA，孢子不能形成,。
因此,，長(zhǎng)非編碼RNA的轉(zhuǎn)錄指導(dǎo)酵母孢子形成的結(jié)合型控制。（生物谷Bioon.com）
doi:10.1016/j.cell.2012.06.049
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Transcription of Two Long Noncoding RNAs Mediates Mating-Type Control of Gametogenesis in Budding Yeast
Folkert J.van Werven,，Gregor Neuert,，Natalie Hendrick，Aurélie Lardenois,，Stephen Buratowski,，Alexander van Oudenaarden,，Michael Primig,，Angelika Amon
The cell-fate decision leading to gametogenesis is essential for sexual reproduction. In S. cerevisiae,，only diploid MATa/α but not haploid MATa or MATα cells undergo gametogenesis，known as sporulation. We find that transcription of two long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) mediates mating-type control of sporulation. In MATa or MATα haploids,， expression of IME1,，the central inducer of gametogenesis，is inhibited in cis by transcription of the lncRNA IRT1,，located in the IME1 promoter.IRT1 transcription recruits the Set2 histone methyltransferase and the Set3 histone deacetylase complex to establish repressive chromatin at the IME1 promoter. Inhibiting expression of IRT1 and an antisense transcript that antagonizes the expression of the meiotic regulator IME4 allows cells expressing the haploid mating type to sporulate with kinetics that are indistinguishable from that of MATa/α diploids. Conversely,， expression of the two lncRNAs abolishes sporulation in MATa/α diploids. Thus， transcription of two lncRNAs governs mating-type control of gametogenesis in yeast.
