生物谷報(bào)道:一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn),,發(fā)展中國(guó)家的女性面臨更高的宮頸癌風(fēng)險(xiǎn),因?yàn)樗齻儧](méi)有定期對(duì)該病進(jìn)行篩查,。盡管低收入國(guó)家的女性更容易接觸到諸如吸煙和不安全性行為等危險(xiǎn)因素,,在發(fā)展中國(guó)家只有19%的女性進(jìn)行過(guò)篩查——相比之下發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的數(shù)字是63%。這組科學(xué)家分析了世界衛(wèi)生組織于2002年對(duì)57個(gè)國(guó)家進(jìn)行的調(diào)查,。
他們發(fā)現(xiàn)孟加拉國(guó),、埃塞俄比亞和緬甸只有不到1%的女性接受過(guò)任何形式的宮頸癌篩查。而在孟加拉國(guó),、埃塞俄比亞和馬拉維,,90%的女性從未接受過(guò)盆腔檢查(對(duì)女性性器官的檢查),更不要說(shuō)任何進(jìn)一步的檢查,。
該論文的作者之一、美國(guó)西雅圖華盛頓大學(xué)的副教授Emmanuela Gakidou告訴本網(wǎng)站說(shuō)該研究凸顯了在獲取篩查方面的巨大的貧富不均,。
這些不均在各國(guó)之內(nèi)進(jìn)一步顯現(xiàn)出來(lái),,女性越貧窮、年齡越大——出現(xiàn)該病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)也就越高——接受篩查的可能性也就越小,。
她說(shuō):“需要盡快促進(jìn)全世界的宮頸癌篩查項(xiàng)目,,同時(shí)記錄篩查和控制措施的質(zhì)量和頻率,特別是對(duì)于那些弱勢(shì)的女性,。”
Gakidou說(shuō),,對(duì)具有性?xún)r(jià)比的篩查項(xiàng)目進(jìn)行投資將降低該病的負(fù)擔(dān),,盡管不同的國(guó)家可能需要更新的策略。
南非開(kāi)普敦大學(xué)婦科腫瘤學(xué)部門(mén)的 Lynette Denny說(shuō)該研究提供了證據(jù),,即在獲取衛(wèi)生保健資源的意義上,,宮頸癌是一種不平等帶來(lái)的疾病。
Denny說(shuō),,在窮國(guó),,預(yù)防宮頸癌的項(xiàng)目與其它迫切的衛(wèi)生需求競(jìng)爭(zhēng)資源,諸如降低產(chǎn)婦死亡率,、結(jié)核病,、瘧疾和艾滋病。
“在非洲,,存在普遍的貧窮,,內(nèi)戰(zhàn)橫行,環(huán)境不穩(wěn)定,。這些因素再加上其他許多因素讓建立篩查項(xiàng)目變得非常困難,。因此需要開(kāi)發(fā)出宮頸涂片(宮頸癌的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)檢測(cè)方法)的替代策略,諸如目視檢查,,以及或許在未來(lái)進(jìn)行疫苗接種,。”
美國(guó)花費(fèi)了大約80億美元維持其有效的宮頸癌篩查項(xiàng)目。
Denny說(shuō):“對(duì)于那些年人均[衛(wèi)生]支出少于10美元的國(guó)家,,這些項(xiàng)目昂貴得令人生畏,。”(生物谷bioon.com援引科學(xué)與發(fā)展網(wǎng)絡(luò))
生物谷推薦原始出處:
PLoS Med 5(6): e132 doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0050132
Coverage of Cervical Cancer Screening in 57 Countries: Low Average Levels and Large Inequalities
Emmanuela Gakidou*, Stella Nordhagen, Ziad Obermeyer
Funding: Funding for this study was provided by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation Grand Challenges in Global Health. The funders had no role in the analysis of the data, drafting of the manuscript, or decision to publish.
Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
Published: June 17, 2008
Copyright: © 2008 Gakidou et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Abbreviations: HPV, human papillomavirus; WHS, World Health Surveys
Emmanuela Gakidou, Stella Nordhagen, and Ziad Obermeyer are at the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation at the University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America. Ziad Obermeyer is also at Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: [email protected]