英國研究人員日前報(bào)告說,,人類基因組中一些“垃圾DNA”產(chǎn)生的物質(zhì)與乳腺癌等癌癥存在相關(guān)性,這項(xiàng)發(fā)現(xiàn)有助于研發(fā)新的癌癥治療方法,。
英國諾丁漢大學(xué)等機(jī)構(gòu)研究人員在美國《基因組學(xué)》雜志上報(bào)告說,,他們發(fā)現(xiàn)人類基因組中名為L1的DNA序列會導(dǎo)致生成一些反常產(chǎn)物,而這些產(chǎn)物多見于乳腺癌細(xì)胞中,。
DNA即脫氧核糖核酸,,它可以組成遺傳指令,指導(dǎo)細(xì)胞合成蛋白質(zhì)等物質(zhì),。據(jù)介紹,,序列L1常被稱為“垃圾DNA”,因?yàn)樗侨梭w內(nèi)的非編碼DNA,,不像編碼序列那樣指導(dǎo)合成特定蛋白質(zhì),。但研究人員在乳腺癌和腸癌細(xì)胞中發(fā)現(xiàn)了序列L1導(dǎo)致生成的反常產(chǎn)物,因此上述癌癥可能與L1等“垃圾DNA”功能異常有關(guān),。
研究人員指出,序列L1攜帶一個“開關(guān)”,,可以隨機(jī)開啟附近基因,,如果這些基因被不適當(dāng)?shù)貑樱蜁煞闯.a(chǎn)物,,對細(xì)胞正常功能造成影響,。通常,正常細(xì)胞中都有抑制這個“開關(guān)”的化學(xué)物質(zhì),,但在一些癌細(xì)胞中,,這些抑制物質(zhì)卻消失了。研究人員正試圖確定,,是一些“垃圾DNA”的上述特殊“開關(guān)”啟動導(dǎo)致了癌癥,,還是癌癥導(dǎo)致該“開關(guān)”啟動。但無論如何,,這些“垃圾DNA”至少可以成為癌癥治療中有用的指示物,。
領(lǐng)導(dǎo)這項(xiàng)研究的諾丁漢大學(xué)博士克里斯蒂娜·圖法雷利說,如果進(jìn)一步研究確認(rèn)一些“垃圾DNA”真的在癌癥生成中扮演某種角色,,那么將提供一種了解癌癥的新機(jī)制,,有助于研發(fā)新的癌癥治療方法。(生物谷Bioon.com)
垃圾DNA相關(guān)研究:
PLoS Genetics:發(fā)現(xiàn)垃圾DNA對基因調(diào)控的作用
Science:“垃圾DNA”在基因組中的重要功能
Nature:發(fā)現(xiàn)一類新的小RNA分子
Genome Research:“垃圾基因”影響物種進(jìn)化
Science:非編碼DNA有可調(diào)控基因剪切
生物谷推薦原始出處:
Genomics December 2009 doi:10.1016/j.ygeno.2009.08.013
Isolation of cancer-specific chimeric transcripts induced by hypomethylation of the LINE-1 antisense promoter
Hazel A. Cruickshanksa, b and Cristina Tufarelli, a, b,
aWolfson Centre for Stem Cells, Tissue Engineering and Modelling (STEM), Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
bDepartment of Genetics, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
The antisense promoter of human LINE-1 (L1) retroelements can direct transcription of adjacent unique genomic sequences generating chimeric RNAs, which can perturb transcription of neighbouring genes. As L1 elements constitute 17% of the human genome, chimeric transcription is potentially widespread, but the extent to which this occurs is largely unknown. Using a genome-wide screen we have isolated novel chimeric transcripts that are unique to breast cancer cell lines, primary tumours and colon cancer cells. Expression of the cancer-specific chimeric transcripts can be induced in non-malignant breast epithelial cells by the demethylating drug 5-azacytidine. These findings indicate that loss of L1 methylation in cancer cells is linked to the expression of L1-chimeric transcripts which may therefore constitute a useful set of markers of malignancy.