今日發(fā)表的研究報告表明，每日服用一片阿司匹林可將癌癥死亡率降低25%,。
這份發(fā)表在英國醫(yī)學(xué)雜志《柳葉刀》(Lancet)上,、針對25570名病人的研究表明，5年來堅持每天服用小劑量阿司匹林的所有類型的癌癥病人長期死亡率有所下降,。
英國東英吉利大學(xué)(University of East Anglia)轉(zhuǎn)化醫(yī)學(xué)教授阿拉斯泰爾?沃森(Alastair Watson)表示，最新研究“進(jìn)一步證明,，阿司匹林是世界上遙遙領(lǐng)先的最神奇的藥物”,。
每日服用阿司匹林，使得結(jié)直腸癌死亡率降低40%,，食道癌死亡率降低60%,。
19世紀(jì)末，德國拜耳公司(Bayer)合成出阿司匹林并將其大規(guī)模推向市場,，標(biāo)志著現(xiàn)代藥物的問世,。許多專家相信，制藥業(yè)的首只藥物從未被超越,。
由牛津大學(xué)(Oxford university)的彼得?羅斯維爾(Peter Rothwell)牽頭進(jìn)行的此項(xiàng)研究,，以8項(xiàng)旨在評估阿司匹林在預(yù)防心血管疾病方面效用的臨床實(shí)驗(yàn)的數(shù)據(jù)為基礎(chǔ)，此前這被視為阿司匹林的主要效用,。研究人員審議了參與者長達(dá)20年的病歷,，聚焦于癌癥,。
卡地夫大學(xué)(Cardiff University)的彼得?埃爾伍德(Peter Elwood)表示，阿司匹林對成年人的主要副作用是加大了胃岀血的風(fēng)險,，但這只影響2000人中的一人,，小劑量服用幾乎從不致命。埃爾伍德研究阿司匹林將近40年,。
4年來堅持服用小劑量阿司匹林的羅斯維爾認(rèn)為,，這些結(jié)果表明，總的來說,，幾乎所有中年人每日服用小劑量（每日服用75毫克,，阿司匹林用于止痛的劑量為300毫克）阿司匹林都將受益。
羅斯維爾表示：“這些新結(jié)果并不意味著,，所有成年人應(yīng)該立即開始服用阿司匹林,，但它們確實(shí)證明了阿司匹林新的重大效用，而早先的指導(dǎo)建議中未曾計入這些效用,。”
埃爾伍德表示,，阿司匹林可能增強(qiáng)細(xì)胞對DNA損傷的修復(fù)能力，從而幫助預(yù)防癌癥,。
盡管拜耳仍保留阿司匹林業(yè)務(wù),，但在一戰(zhàn)后，該公司在全球許多國家喪失了阿司匹林的商標(biāo)權(quán),，包括美國和英國,。
行業(yè)機(jī)構(gòu)——阿司匹林基金會(Aspirin Foundation)的尼克?亨德森(Nick Henderson)表示：“沒有人愿意給出阿司匹林市場規(guī)模的數(shù)據(jù)，因?yàn)榉轮频陌⑺酒チ痔嗔?，尤其是在中國?rdquo;（生物谷Bioon.com）
生物谷推薦原文出處：
The Lancet doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(10)62110-1
Effect of daily aspirin on long-term risk of death due to cancer: analysis of individual patient data from randomised trials
Original TextProf Peter M Rothwell FMedSci a , Prof F Gerald R Fowkes FRCPE b, Prof Jill FF Belch FRCP c, Hisao Ogawa MD d, Prof Charles P Warlow FMedSci e, Prof Tom W Meade FRS f
Summary
Background
Treatment with daily aspirin for 5 years or longer reduces subsequent risk of colorectal cancer. Several lines of evidence suggest that aspirin might also reduce risk of other cancers, particularly of the gastrointestinal tract, but proof in man is lacking. We studied deaths due to cancer during and after randomised trials of daily aspirin versus control done originally for prevention of vascular events.
Methods
We used individual patient data from all randomised trials of daily aspirin versus no aspirin with mean duration of scheduled trial treatment of 4 years or longer to determine the effect of allocation to aspirin on risk of cancer death in relation to scheduled duration of trial treatment for gastrointestinal and non-gastrointestinal cancers. In three large UK trials, long-term post-trial follow-up of individual patients was obtained from death certificates and cancer registries.
Results
In eight eligible trials (25 570 patients, 674 cancer deaths), allocation to aspirin reduced death due to cancer (pooled odds ratio [OR] 0·79, 95% CI 0·68—0·92, p=0·003). On analysis of individual patient data, which were available from seven trials (23 535 patients, 657 cancer deaths), benefit was apparent only after 5 years' follow-up (all cancers, hazard ratio [HR] 0·66, 0·50—0·87; gastrointestinal cancers, 0·46, 0·27—0·77; both p=0·003). The 20-year risk of cancer death (1634 deaths in 12 659 patients in three trials) remained lower in the aspirin groups than in the control groups (all solid cancers, HR 0·80, 0·72—0·88, p<0·0001; gastrointestinal cancers, 0·65, 0·54—0·78, p<0·0001), and benefit increased (interaction p=0·01) with scheduled duration of trial treatment (≥7·5 years: all solid cancers, 0·69, 0·54—0·88, p=0·003; gastrointestinal cancers, 0·41, 0·26—0·66, p=0·0001). The latent period before an effect on deaths was about 5 years for oesophageal, pancreatic, brain, and lung cancer, but was more delayed for stomach, colorectal, and prostate cancer. For lung and oesophageal cancer, benefit was confined to adenocarcinomas, and the overall effect on 20-year risk of cancer death was greatest for adenocarcinomas (HR 0·66, 0·56—0·77, p<0·0001). Benefit was unrelated to aspirin dose (75 mg upwards), sex, or smoking, but increased with age—the absolute reduction in 20-year risk of cancer death reaching 7·08% (2·42—11·74) at age 65 years and older.
Interpretation
Daily aspirin reduced deaths due to several common cancers during and after the trials. Benefit increased with duration of treatment and was consistent across the different study populations. These findings have implications for guidelines on use of aspirin and for understanding of carcinogenesis and its susceptibility to drug intervention.
