染色體數(shù)目異常,或者說非整倍體是癌癥的一個(gè)重要標(biāo)志,,來自麻省理工學(xué)院,,霍德華休斯醫(yī)學(xué)院等處的研究人員針對(duì)這一特征,找到了能特異性殺死非整倍體細(xì)胞的化合物,,從而提出了一種治療廣譜腫瘤的新策略,。這一研究成果公布在Cell 雜志上,并被重點(diǎn)推薦,,認(rèn)為這項(xiàng)研究找到了癌癥的“阿基里斯的腳踵”(The Heel of Achilles),。
領(lǐng)導(dǎo)這一研究的是2010年新晉當(dāng)選美國國家科學(xué)院院士的Angelika Amon教授,這位女科學(xué)家領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的研究組早在08年的研究中就指出具有額外染色體的哺乳動(dòng)物細(xì)胞擁有一些共同特征,,可被用來研發(fā)癌癥治療方法,。
非整倍性(aneuploidy)是指哺乳動(dòng)物細(xì)胞有時(shí)會(huì)具有過多的染色體,這會(huì)對(duì)機(jī)體造成損害,,通常會(huì)導(dǎo)致出生缺陷或死亡,,不過幾乎總是非整倍性的腫瘤細(xì)胞似乎因此獲得了生長優(yōu)勢。之前Amon教授研究組在2008年發(fā)表在Science雜志上的一篇文章中,,首次在哺乳動(dòng)物細(xì)胞中系統(tǒng)檢測非整倍性的作用,,指出具有額外染色體的哺乳動(dòng)物細(xì)胞擁有一些共同特征,可被用來研發(fā)癌癥治療方法,。
在最新這篇文章中,,研究人員找到能特異性殺死非整倍體細(xì)胞的化合物,提出了一種治療廣譜腫瘤的新策略,。這種化合物就是AICAR——一種能量脅迫誘導(dǎo)藥劑(energy stress-inducing agent,,生物通譯),以及蛋白折疊抑郁劑17-AAG,,和自噬抑制劑氯喹(chloroquine),。
其中AICAR能穿透細(xì)胞膜,是AMPK激活劑,,后者是代謝調(diào)控的關(guān)鍵蛋白,,當(dāng)能量供應(yīng)不足時(shí),AMP/ATP的比率上調(diào),,AMPK就會(huì)被激活,,抑制合成代謝。AICAR可以激活A(yù)MPK,,但不影響ATP,、ADP和AMP的水平,在細(xì)胞或動(dòng)物水平,,AICAR可以通過激活A(yù)MPK從而促進(jìn)骨骼肌非胰島素依賴的葡萄糖攝入,。
17-AAG是熱休克蛋白90抑制劑,之前的研究已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)這種化合物能低毒性,,高選擇性抑制一些癌蛋白,,用于癌癥的治療,而氯喹這種治療瘧疾的特效藥,,近期也有研究證明可以用于治療乳腺癌,。
非整倍體細(xì)胞對(duì)這些藥物非常敏感,研究證明AICAR能誘導(dǎo)小鼠原代胚胎成纖維細(xì)胞三倍體(染色體1,,13,,16(或者19))p53介導(dǎo)的細(xì)胞凋亡,AICAR和17-AAG單獨(dú)施用,,或者結(jié)合施用(作用更好),,能有效的對(duì)抗非整倍體人類癌細(xì)胞系,。
這些研究都表明這些化合物能干擾非整倍體細(xì)胞存活必要的一些途徑,因此可以作為一種對(duì)抗人類廣譜腫瘤的新型治療方法,。(生物谷Bioon.com)
生物谷推薦原文出處:
Cell doi:10.1016/j.cell.2011.01.017
Identification of Aneuploidy-Selective Antiproliferation Compounds
Yun-Chi Tang, Bret R. Williams, Jake J. Siegel, Angelika Amon
Highlights
4 trisomic MEF lines were screened for compounds that antagonize their proliferation
The AMPK agonist AICAR and the Hsp90 inhibitor 17-AAG induce apoptosis in trisomic MEFs
AICAR increases already elevated levels of Hsp72 and autophagy in trisomic MEFs
AICAR+17-AAG preferentially inhibit the growth of high-grade aneuploid cancer cells
Summary
Aneuploidy, an incorrect chromosome number, is a hallmark of cancer. Compounds that cause lethality in aneuploid, but not euploid, cells could therefore provide new cancer therapies. We have identified the energy stress-inducing agent AICAR, the protein folding inhibitor 17-AAG, and the autophagy inhibitor chloroquine as exhibiting this property. AICAR induces p53-mediated apoptosis in primary mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) trisomic for chromosome 1, 13, 16, or 19. AICAR and 17-AAG, especially when combined, also show efficacy against aneuploid human cancer cell lines. Our results suggest that compounds that interfere with pathways that are essential for the survival of aneuploid cells could serve as a new treatment strategy against a broad spectrum of human tumors.