據(jù)英國(guó)廣播公司6月20日?qǐng)?bào)道,，由世界各地的科學(xué)家組成的研發(fā)小組表示，他們采用新的方法開發(fā)疫苗并用來(lái)治療前列腺癌,。
《自然—醫(yī)學(xué)》雜志刊登的報(bào)告說(shuō),，從健康細(xì)胞提出的DNA被用來(lái)開發(fā)一種新疫苗。這種疫苗用于患前列腺癌的老鼠,，治愈率高達(dá)80%,。研究人員相信，這一方法有可能適用于其他癌癥疫苗的開發(fā),，并已經(jīng)開始對(duì)黑色素瘤疫苗的研究,。
英國(guó)癌癥研究會(huì)表示，這是一項(xiàng)重大的科研發(fā)展,，不過(guò)疫苗仍需要進(jìn)行人體試驗(yàn),。
研發(fā)癌癥疫苗并非新創(chuàng)舉。與傳統(tǒng)疫苗防止疾病的作用不同,，癌癥疫苗通過(guò)促使自身免疫系統(tǒng)攻擊已經(jīng)生成的腫瘤達(dá)到治療效果,。
英國(guó)利茲大學(xué)和美國(guó)一家診所進(jìn)行的這一研究，從健康的前列腺細(xì)胞分解DNA后,，植入病毒,。這種病毒不斷感染試驗(yàn)老鼠。前列腺DNA使這一病毒生成多項(xiàng)前列腺抗原,，當(dāng)免疫系統(tǒng)抵抗病毒時(shí)學(xué)會(huì)了對(duì)前列腺癌細(xì)胞發(fā)起攻擊,。
其中至關(guān)重要的是，健康的前列腺細(xì)胞和其它身體部分并不會(huì)受到影響,。
科學(xué)家在試驗(yàn)室中，只用了一個(gè)療程共九次注射取得前列腺腫瘤80%的治愈率。
不過(guò)研究人員表示,，這一疫苗開始進(jìn)行人體試驗(yàn)仍然需要多年時(shí)間,。（生物谷Bioon.com）
生物谷推薦原文出處：
Nature Medicine DOI:10.1038/nm.2390
Broad antigenic coverage induced by vaccination with virus-based cDNA libraries cures established tumors
Timothy Kottke; Fiona Errington; Jose Pulido; Feorillo Galivo; Jill Thompson; Phonphimon Wongthida; Rosa Maria Diaz; Heung Chong; Elizabeth Ilett; John Chester; Hardev Pandha; Kevin Harrington; Peter Selby; Alan Melcher; Richard Vile
Effective cancer immunotherapy requires the release of a broad spectrum of tumor antigens in the context of potent immune activation. We show here that a cDNA library of normal tissue, expressed from a highly immunogenic viral platform, cures established tumors of the same histological type from which the cDNA library was derived. Immune escape occurred with suboptimal vaccination, but tumor cells that escaped the immune pressure were readily treated by second-line virus-based immunotherapy. This approach has several major advantages. Use of the cDNA library leads to presentation of a broad repertoire of (undefined) tumor-associated antigens, which reduces emergence of treatment-resistant variants and also permits rational, combined-modality approaches in the clinic. Finally, the viral vectors can be delivered systemically, without the need for tumor targeting, and are amenable to clinical-grade production. Therefore, virus-expressed cDNA libraries represent a novel paradigm for cancer treatment addressing many of the key issues that have undermined the efficacy of immuno- and virotherapy to date.
