美國研究人員最新開發(fā)出一種納米粒子,，外表呈棒狀,，可以隨血液流動“偵察”到腫瘤部位，幫助將藥物指引到病灶處,，從而有效消滅腫瘤,。
美國麻省理工學院等機構(gòu)的研究人員在英國新一期《自然—材料學》（Nature Materials）雜志報告說，腫瘤部位的血管通常會有病態(tài)變大的孔洞,，納米粒子進入這些孔洞中會刺激周邊組織,，使機體發(fā)出一種類似有傷口要求凝血物質(zhì)聚集的信號。此時,，另外一種攜帶藥物的“攻擊型”納米粒子就會循信號而來,，幫助消滅腫瘤。
通常情況下,，注射的癌癥藥物最終抵達腫瘤部位的比例非常低,。過去也曾研發(fā)出一些同時肩負“偵察”和“攻擊”兩種功能的納米粒子，與常規(guī)方式相比可將有效抵達腫瘤部位的藥物量提高幾倍,。
本次研究顯示,，把“偵察”與“攻擊”兩個功能分開，效果會更好,。動物試驗中,，采取這種方式后抵達腫瘤部位的藥物量與常規(guī)方式相比提高了40倍，實驗鼠體內(nèi)腫瘤的生長也隨之停止,。
不過研究人員也表示,，在這項成果應(yīng)用于人類臨床前，還需要解決的一個問題是如何確保“偵察兵”發(fā)出的信號不為其他生理活動所干擾,，因為癌癥病人有時身體其他一些部位也會發(fā)出凝血信號,，這時就要想辦法保證藥物不傷及正常的機體組織。（生物谷Bioon.com）
生物谷推薦原文出處：
Nature Materials DOI:10.1038/nmat3049
Nanoparticles that communicate in vivo to amplify tumour targeting
Geoffrey von Maltzahn; Ji-Ho Park; Kevin Y. Lin; Neetu Singh; Christian Schw?ppe; Rolf Mesters; Wolfgang E. Berdel; Erkki Ruoslahti; Michael J. Sailor; Sangeeta N. Bhatia
Nanomedicines have enormous potential to improve the precision of cancer therapy, yet our ability to efficiently home these materials to regions of disease in vivo remains very limited. Inspired by the ability of communication to improve targeting in biological systems, such as inflammatory-cell recruitment to sites of disease, we construct systems where synthetic biological and nanotechnological components communicate to amplify disease targeting in vivo. These systems are composed of ‘signalling’ modules (nanoparticles or engineered proteins) that target tumours and then locally activate the coagulation cascade to broadcast tumour location to clot-targeted ‘receiving’ nanoparticles in circulation that carry a diagnostic or therapeutic cargo, thereby amplifying their delivery. We show that communicating nanoparticle systems can be composed of multiple types of signalling and receiving modules, can transmit information through multiple molecular pathways in coagulation, can operate autonomously and can target over 40 times higher doses of chemotherapeutics to tumours than non-communicating controls.
