人乳頭瘤病毒是一種屬于乳多空病毒科的乳頭瘤空泡病毒A屬，是球形DNA病毒,，能引起人體皮膚黏膜的鱗狀上皮增殖。表現(xiàn)為尋常疣、生殖器疣（尖銳濕疣）等癥狀,，口咽部人乳頭瘤病毒（HPV）的感染與口咽鱗狀細胞癌密切相關。如今,，HPV感染越來越引起人們的關注,。
1月26日，國際權(quán)威雜志JAMA上刊登的一篇論文證實：美國人口咽部感染HPV的發(fā)病率在持續(xù)上升,，14歲至69歲的人群中,，有6.9％的人口腔感染了HPV。
在美國，雖然口咽部鱗狀細胞癌的發(fā)病率已有所下降,，但來自美國俄亥俄州立大學的研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)與HPV感染相關的口咽部鱗狀細胞癌的發(fā)病率卻逐年增加,。
研究人員調(diào)查了年齡在14歲至69歲之間的5,501受訪者的性行為，同時對這些人的口腔做了30秒的沖洗,，并進行HPV DNA聚合酶鏈反應和特異性雜交實驗,。
結(jié)果是，在5,501受訪者中,，6.9％的人口腔感染HPV,。并且口腔HPV感染率按年齡呈雙峰模式，即30至34歲出現(xiàn)一個小高峰,，60歲至64時出現(xiàn)一個大高峰,。
另外，男性口腔HPV感染率高于女性（分別是10.1％和3.6％）,，有過性生活的人感染率高于沒有過性生活的人（分別是7.5％與0.9％）,。多變量分析結(jié)果顯示，口腔感染HPV的風險與年齡,、性別,、性伴侶的數(shù)目等因素有關。(生物谷 Bioon.com)
doi: 10.1001/jama.2012.101
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Prevalence of Oral HPV Infection in the United States, 2009-2010
Maura L. Gillison, MD, PhD;Tatevik Broutian, MS;Robert K. L. Pickard, EdM, et al.
Context Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the principal cause of a distinct form of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma that is increasing in incidence among men in the United States. However, little is known about the epidemiology of oral HPV infection.
Objective To determine the prevalence of oral HPV infection in the United States.
Design, Setting, and Participants A cross-sectional study was conducted as part of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2009-2010, a statistically representative sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized US population. Men and women aged 14 to 69 years examined at mobile examination centers were eligible. Participants (N = 5579) provided a 30-second oral rinse and gargle with mouthwash. For detection of HPV types, DNA purified from oral exfoliated cells was evaluated by polymerase chain reaction and type-specific hybridization. Demographic and behavioral data were obtained by standardized interview. Statistical analyses used NHANES sample weights to provide weighted prevalence estimates for the US population.
Main Outcome Measures Prevalence of oral HPV infection.
Results The prevalence of oral HPV infection among men and women aged 14 to 69 years was 6.9% (95% CI, 5.7%-8.3%) and of HPV type 16 was 1.0% (95% CI, 0.7%-1.3%). Oral HPV infection followed a bimodal pattern with respect to age, with peak prevalence among individuals aged 30 to 34 years (7.3%; 95% CI, 4.6%-11.4%) and 60 to 64 years (11.4%; 95% CI, 8.5%-15.1%). Men had a significantly higher prevalence than women for any oral HPV infection (10.1% [95% CI, 8.3%-12.3%] vs 3.6% [95% CI, 2.6%-5.0%], P < .001; unadjusted prevalence ratio [PR], 2.80 [95% CI, 2.02-3.88]). Infection was less common among those without vs those with a history of any type of sexual contact (0.9% [95% CI, 0.4%-1.8%] vs 7.5% [95% CI, 6.1%-9.1%], P < .001; PR, 8.69 [95% CI, 3.91-19.31]) and increased with number of sexual partners (P < .001 for trend) and cigarettes smoked per day (P < .001 for trend). Associations with age, sex, number of sexual partners, and current number of cigarettes smoked per day were independently associated with oral HPV infection in multivariable models.
Conclusion Among men and women aged 14 to 69 years in the United States, the overall prevalence of oral HPV infection was 6.9%, and the prevalence was higher among men than among women.
