大豆以及其他豆類中植物來源的化學(xué)物質(zhì)具有廣泛營(yíng)養(yǎng)學(xué)價(jià)值,，如大豆異黃酮是具有健康保護(hù)和治療學(xué)意義的非固醇類物質(zhì),。由于它能與雌激素受體結(jié)合,，具有雌激素樣作用,，故稱之為植物雌激素,。
隨著近年研究的深入,，人們發(fā)現(xiàn)大豆以及大豆中某些化學(xué)物質(zhì)對(duì)多種疾病包括腫瘤,、心血管疾病,、骨質(zhì)疏松癥和神經(jīng)退行性疾病等有預(yù)防和治療作用，相關(guān)研究的興趣也日漸增加,。
其中,，被廣泛認(rèn)可的是大豆等豆類植物中的化學(xué)物質(zhì)可以減少罹患子宮內(nèi)膜癌的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，但迄今為止,，現(xiàn)有的流行病學(xué)研究報(bào)告結(jié)果并不能支持這一觀點(diǎn),。
美國(guó)夏威夷癌癥研究中心和洛杉磯南加州大學(xué)的研究人員為了解決這一問題，在一項(xiàng)最新研究中分析了豆科植物,、大豆,、豆腐以及大豆異黃酮的攝入量與絕經(jīng)婦女罹患子宮內(nèi)膜癌風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的關(guān)系性，研究結(jié)果發(fā)表在JNCI雜志上,。
為了分析飲食情況與子宮內(nèi)膜癌風(fēng)險(xiǎn)之間的關(guān)系,，研究人員收集了在1993年8月至1996年8月之間，未進(jìn)行子宮切除術(shù)的46,027例絕經(jīng)女性的相關(guān)資料?？蒲腥藛T對(duì)這些女性平均隨訪13.6年,，其中有489名絕經(jīng)女性確診患有子宮內(nèi)膜癌。
該項(xiàng)研究結(jié)果表明：罹患子宮內(nèi)膜癌的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)與總異黃酮攝入量,、大豆攝入量,、染料木素的攝入量呈負(fù)相關(guān)。那些總異黃酮攝入量≥7.82毫克每1000千卡/天,、大豆攝入量≥3.54毫克每1000千卡/天,、染料木素?cái)z入量≥3.40毫克每1000千卡/天的女性罹患子宮內(nèi)膜癌的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)大大降低。同時(shí)研究證實(shí)子宮內(nèi)膜癌的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)與豆類食物如大豆,、豆腐或是黃豆的攝入量之間沒有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,。
研究人員最后下結(jié)論稱：我們飲食結(jié)構(gòu)中存在含異黃酮的食物或許能防止絕經(jīng)婦女子宮內(nèi)膜癌的發(fā)生。(生物谷 Bioon.com)
doi: 10.1093/jnci/djr475
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Legume, Soy, Tofu, and Isoflavone Intake and Endometrial Cancer Risk in Postmenopausal Women in the Multiethnic Cohort Study
Nicholas J. Ollberding,Unhee Lim,Lynne R. Wilkens,Veronica Wendy Setiawan,Yurii B. Shvetsov,Brian E. Henderson,Laurence N. Kolonel andMarc T. Goodman
Background Phytochemicals found in soy and other legumes have been speculated to reduce the risk of endometrial cancer; however, inconsistent findings have been reported in the few epidemiological studies conducted to date.
Methods We conducted a prospective analysis of 46027 nonhysterectomized postmenopausal women who were recruited into the Multiethnic Cohort (MEC) Study between August 1993 and August 1996 and provided detailed baseline information on diet and other endometrial cancer risk factors. A total of 489 women diagnosed with incident endometrial cancer were identified through the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results tumor registry linkages during a median follow-up period of 13.6 years. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate multivariable-adjusted relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for endometrial cancer associated with dietary intake of legumes, soy, and tofu, and for total isoflavones and specific isoflavones (daidzein, genistein, or glycitein). Truncated (age 50–89 years) age-adjusted incidence rates were calculated by applying age-specific rates within isoflavone quintiles to the overall MEC population eligible for endometrial cancer. To estimate the percentage of endometrial cancers that may have been prevented by consuming the highest quintile of total isoflavones, the partial population attributable risk percent was calculated.
Results A reduced risk of endometrial cancer was associated with total isoflavone intake (highest vs lowest quintile, ≥7.82 vs <1.59 mg per 1000 kcal/d, RR = 0.66, 95% CI = 0.47 to 0.91), daidzein intake (highest vs lowest quintile, ≥3.54 vs <0.70 mg per 1000 kcal/d, RR = 0.64, 95% CI = 0.46 to 0.90), and genistein intake (highest vs lowest quintile, ≥3.40 vs <0.69 mg per 1000 kcal/d, RR = 0.66, 95% CI = 0.47 to 0.91). No statistically significant association with endometrial cancer risk was observed for increasing intake of legumes, soy, tofu, or glycitein. Truncated age-adjusted incidence rates of endometrial cancer for the highest vs lowest quintile of total isoflavone intake were 55 vs 107 per 100000 women per year, respectively. The partial population attributable risk percent for total isoflavone intake lower than the highest quintile was 26.7% (95% CI = 5.3% to 45.8%).
Conclusion This study suggests that greater consumption of isoflavone-containing foods is associated with a reduced risk of endometrial cancer in this population of nonhysterectomized postmenopausal women.
