美國研究人員22日發(fā)表報告說,,他們發(fā)現(xiàn)了能中和多種流感病毒毒株的人單克隆抗體,。這些抗體由單個B淋巴細(xì)胞分泌合成,,可中和的流感病毒包括H5N1型高致病性禽流感病毒和季節(jié)性流感病毒,,將來在此研究基礎(chǔ)上有望開發(fā)出高效流感疫苗,。
研究人員介紹說,,組成流感病毒的血凝素蛋白共有16種亞型,他們發(fā)現(xiàn)的人單克隆抗體能中和其中9種,,除了目前已知的4種禽流感病毒和季節(jié)性流感病毒,,還包括造成1918年西班牙大流感的H1N1型流感病毒。
美國國家過敏和傳染病研究所所長安東尼·福奇指出,,這項研究意義重大,,它表明在流感暴發(fā)而疫苗尚未生產(chǎn)出來之前,人單克隆抗體將是重要的抗病毒補充藥物,。
該研究報告的第一通訊作者,、哈佛大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院旅美中國學(xué)者隋建華博士對記者說,,人類患流感或接種流感疫苗后通常會產(chǎn)生抗體,但是這些抗體通常僅能中和以前接觸過的相同病毒毒株,。新發(fā)現(xiàn)的人單克隆抗體則具有廣泛的中和活性,,并且可在較短的時間內(nèi)大量制備。這些抗體可與抗病毒藥物聯(lián)合使用以阻止病毒的傳播,,預(yù)防流感,。
據(jù)研究人員22日發(fā)表在英國《自然·結(jié)構(gòu)和分子生物學(xué)》雜志網(wǎng)絡(luò)版的報告介紹,流感病毒有一個隱蔽且序列和結(jié)構(gòu)保守的區(qū)域,,該區(qū)域位于流感病毒的主要膜蛋白——血凝素蛋白的頸干部位,人體很少產(chǎn)生針對這一區(qū)域的抗體,。而他們通過體外方法分離的人單克隆抗體能有效地與這一區(qū)域結(jié)合,,阻止流感病毒變異,使其喪失感染人體細(xì)胞的能力,。
領(lǐng)導(dǎo)這項研究的達(dá)納-法伯癌癥研究所副教授韋恩·馬拉斯克說,,這些單克隆抗體是人源抗體,目前已可用來實施更進(jìn)一步的臨床前及臨床研究,。他認(rèn)為,,這些人單克隆抗體可在流感季節(jié)用來治療免疫能力低、高齡個體和醫(yī)療工作者等高危人群,。
研究人員下一步的計劃是,,針對流感病毒所在的區(qū)域開發(fā)疫苗,這樣的疫苗有望使人體獲得長期的抗流感病毒能力,。
據(jù)世界衛(wèi)生組織統(tǒng)計,,全世界每年有25萬至50萬人死于季節(jié)性流感。歷史上曾發(fā)生多次流感大流行,,1918年發(fā)生的西班牙大流感曾導(dǎo)致上千萬人死亡,。(生物谷Bioon.com)
生物谷推薦原始出處:
Nature Structural & Molecular Biology Published online: 22 February 2009 | doi:10.1038/nsmb.1566
Structural and functional bases for broad-spectrum neutralization of avian and human influenza A viruses
Jianhua Sui1,4, William C Hwang2,4, Sandra Perez3, Ge Wei2, Daniel Aird1, Li-mei Chen3, Eugenio Santelli2, Boguslaw Stec2, Greg Cadwell2, Maryam Ali1, Hongquan Wan3, Akikazu Murakami1, Anuradha Yammanuru1, Thomas Han1, Nancy J Cox3, Laurie A Bankston2, Ruben O Donis3, Robert C Liddington2 & Wayne A Marasco1
Abstract
Influenza virus remains a serious health threat, owing to its ability to evade immune surveillance through rapid genetic drift and reassortment. Here we used a human non-immune antibody phage-display library and the H5 hemagglutinin ectodomain to select ten neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) that were effective against all group 1 influenza viruses tested, including H5N1 'bird flu' and the H1N1 'Spanish flu'. The crystal structure of one such nAb bound to H5 shows that it blocks infection by inserting its heavy chain into a conserved pocket in the stem region, thus preventing membrane fusion. Nine of the nAbs employ the germline gene VH1-69, and all seem to use the same neutralizing mechanism. Our data further suggest that this region is recalcitrant to neutralization escape and that nAb-based immunotherapy is a promising strategy for broad-spectrum protection against seasonal and pandemic influenza viruses.
1 Department of Cancer Immunology & AIDS, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, 44 Binney Street JFB 826, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
2 Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Burnham Institute for Medical Research, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.
3 Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, 1600 Clifton Road, Mail Stop G-16, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA.
4 These authors contributed equally to this work.