2012年11月13日,Science Signaling雜志作為封面文章在線(xiàn)發(fā)表了生物物理所劉迎芳和程根宏(生物物理所感染與免疫中心海外團(tuán)隊(duì),UCLA)課題組的合作研究成果,,題為Single Amino Acid Substitutions Confer the Antiviral Activity of the TRAF3 Adaptor Protein onto TRAF5,,編輯同期配發(fā)了題為“TRAF5 Becomes Antiviral”的評(píng)論。
天然免疫應(yīng)答及其調(diào)控機(jī)制是免疫學(xué)家致力研究的重要方向,。TRAF家族成員是天然免疫信號(hào)通路中重要的接頭蛋白,。它們通過(guò)其TRAF結(jié)構(gòu)域結(jié)合不同的信號(hào)分子,執(zhí)行各不相同的功能,。TRAF3一方面參與非經(jīng)典N(xiāo)F-κB通路,;另一方面可以通過(guò)與TRIF和Cardif等蛋白相互作用,激活干擾素的表達(dá),。TRAF家族另一成員TRAF5的TRAF結(jié)構(gòu)域和TRAF3的TRAF結(jié)構(gòu)域序列同源性很高,,以往的結(jié)構(gòu)預(yù)測(cè)表明它們具有完全相同的配體結(jié)合口袋和熱點(diǎn)殘基。有趣的是TRAF5卻不能結(jié)合Cardif,,也不能替代TRAF3激活干擾素通路,。
程根宏課題組和劉迎芳課題組密切合作,通過(guò)結(jié)構(gòu)生物學(xué)方法對(duì)TRAF3和TRAF5具有這種特異性的分子機(jī)制進(jìn)行了研究,。他們首先解析了TRAF3/Cardif復(fù)合物和TRAF5的結(jié)構(gòu),,通過(guò)結(jié)構(gòu)比對(duì),發(fā)現(xiàn)在已知的TRAF結(jié)合口袋外有兩個(gè)殘基Tyr440和Phe473對(duì)TRAF3與Cardif的結(jié)合起關(guān)鍵作用,。在TRAF5中,,這兩個(gè)位置的氨基酸正好相反,分別為Phe429和Tyr462,,結(jié)構(gòu)分析表明TRAF5的這兩個(gè)氨基酸可能阻止了其對(duì)Cardif的結(jié)合,。細(xì)胞生物學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)證明TRAF3的Y440F和F473Y突變體失去結(jié)合Cardif并激活干擾素表達(dá)的能力;同時(shí)TRAF5的突變體F429Y和Y462F可以象TRAF3一樣結(jié)合Cardif,,并激活干擾素,,從而獲得了抗病毒的能力。這些結(jié)果表明,,改變單一氨基酸可改變TRAF蛋白的選擇性,,并進(jìn)一步從分子機(jī)制上揭示了干擾素表達(dá)的調(diào)控機(jī)制。
該項(xiàng)成果是程根宏課題組長(zhǎng)期從事的TRAF家族蛋白抗病毒研究的重要新貢獻(xiàn),;也是劉迎芳等課題組繼抗病毒蛋白ZAP(NSMB. 2012;19(4):430-5)和ISG54(Cell Res. 2012;22(9):1328-38.)研究工作之后,,在天然免疫研究方向取得的新進(jìn)展。該項(xiàng)研究課題得到了科技部,,國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金委和中國(guó)科學(xué)院的資助,,上海光源SSRF和日本KEK提供了衍射數(shù)據(jù)收集的支持。(生物谷Bioon.com)
doi: 10.1126/scisignal.2003152
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Single Amino Acid Substitutions Confer the Antiviral Activity of the TRAF3 Adaptor Protein onto TRAF5
Zhang P, Reichardt A, Liang H, Aliyari R, Cheng D, Wang Y, Xu F, Cheng G, Liu Y.
The TRAF [tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor] family of cytoplasmic adaptor proteins link cell-surface receptors to intracellular signaling pathways that regulate innate and adaptive immune responses. In response to activation of RIG-I (retinoic acid-inducible gene I), a component of a pattern recognition receptor that detects viruses, TRAF3 binds to the adaptor protein Cardif [caspase activation and recruitment domain (CARD) adaptor-inducing interferon-β (IFN-β)], leading to induction of type I IFNs. We report the crystal structures of the TRAF domain of TRAF5 and that of TRAF3 bound to a peptide from the TRAF-interacting motif of Cardif. By comparing these structures, we identified two residues located near the Cardif binding pocket in TRAF3 (Tyr(440) and Phe(473)) that potentially contributed to Cardif recognition. In vitro and cellular experiments showed that forms of TRAF5 with mutation of the corresponding residues to those of TRAF3 had TRAF3-like antiviral activity. Our results provide a structural basis for the critical role of TRAF3 in activating RIG-I-mediated IFN production.