中美學(xué)者通過合作研究,,新近在國際上首次解析了胰高血糖素受體七次跨膜區(qū)域的三維結(jié)構(gòu),為抗2型糖尿病藥物的研發(fā)提供了一張“精確地圖”,,相關(guān)研究論文7月18日在線發(fā)表在《自然》雜志上,。該雜志的新聞述評指出,這是G蛋白偶聯(lián)受體研究領(lǐng)域的一個重大突破,。
這項研究由國家新藥篩選中心/中科院上海生命科學(xué)研究院藥物研究所王明偉研究員與美國Scripps研究所雷蒙德·史蒂文斯教授合作領(lǐng)銜,。專家指出,胰高血糖素與胰島素的作用相反,,是一種促進分解代謝的激素,,具有很強的促進糖原分解和糖異生作用,可使血糖明顯升高。胰高血糖素通過與肝腎等靶細胞表面的B型G蛋白偶聯(lián)受體進行特異性結(jié)合,,激活下游信號轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)通路,,發(fā)揮生理效應(yīng)。此前,,B型G蛋白偶聯(lián)受體的分子面目一直未被揭開,。
王明偉等科研人員選擇小分子配體穩(wěn)定受體結(jié)構(gòu)并促進晶體生長,首次獲得了分辨率為3.4埃(1埃=10-10)的人胰高血糖素受體七次跨膜區(qū)域的蛋白晶體,,通過對晶體結(jié)構(gòu)和128個突變受體親和力分析,,構(gòu)建了該受體與胰高血糖素進行分子識別的結(jié)構(gòu)模型。研究表明,,胰高血糖素受體與A型G蛋白偶聯(lián)受體相比,,其與配體的結(jié)合“口袋”更大,第一跨膜螺旋向細胞膜外延伸出3個α螺旋,,形成莖樣結(jié)構(gòu),,用以捕捉胰高血糖素,使其氨基端插入跨膜區(qū)而與受體結(jié)合,。
王明偉說:“這項研究好比是制作了一張胰高血糖素受體的精確地圖,。以前,人們只知道這個受體的存在,,現(xiàn)在我們用‘衛(wèi)星定位’把它的原子結(jié)構(gòu)弄清楚了,。這樣一來,各國科學(xué)家想要設(shè)計開發(fā)針對這一靶點的抗糖尿病藥物,,就變得精確和高效了,。”(生物谷Bioon.com)
生物谷推薦英文摘要:
Nature doi: 10.1038/nature12393
Structure of the human glucagon class B G-protein-coupled receptor
Fai Yiu Siu,Min He,,Chris de Graaf,,Gye Won Han,Dehua Yang,,Zhiyun Zhang,, Caihong Zhou,Qingping Xu,,Daniel Wacker,,Jeremiah S. Joseph,Wei Liu1 Jesper Lau,,Vadim Cherezov,,Vsevolod Katritch,Ming-Wei Wang,, Raymond C. Stevens.
Binding of the glucagon peptide to the glucagon receptor (GCGR) triggers the release of glucose from the liver during fasting; thus GCGR plays an important role in glucose homeostasis. Here we report the crystal structure of the seven transmembrane helical domain of human GCGR at resolution, complemented by extensive site-specific mutagenesis, and a hybrid model of glucagon bound to GCGR to understand the molecular recognition of the receptor for its native ligand. Beyond the shared seven transmembrane fold, the GCGR transmembrane domain deviates from class A G-protein-coupled receptors with a large ligand-binding pocket and the first transmembrane helix having a ‘stalk’ region that extends three alpha-helical turns above the plane of the membrane. The stalk positions the extracellular domain (~12kilodaltons) relative to the membrane to form the glucagon-binding site that captures the peptide and facilitates the insertion of glucagon’s amino terminus into the seven transmembrane domain.