據(jù)美國物理學家組織網(wǎng)近日報道，美國科學家把從老鼠子宮內膜提取出的干細胞轉化為能產生胰島素的細胞，并用其治療罹患糖尿病的老鼠,，結果發(fā)現(xiàn)具有一定的效果?？茖W家們表示,，未來人們或可使用子宮內膜干細胞治療糖尿病，相關研究發(fā)表于最新一期的《分子治療》雜志上,。
子宮內膜是成人干細胞的一個來源,，它們也像其他干細胞一樣能分裂成其他類型的細胞。最新研究表明,，子宮內膜干細胞能被用來制造一般出現(xiàn)于胰腺中,、可產生胰島素的島細胞，科學家們或可利用得到的島細胞進行移植手術,，用其來治療糖尿病患者,。
該研究團隊的領導者、耶魯大學的休·泰勒教授在含有特殊營養(yǎng)物質和生長因子的培養(yǎng)物中為子宮內膜干細胞“洗澡”,，子宮內膜干細胞會因此吸收胰腺內產生胰島素的β細胞的特性,。經(jīng)過3周孵化后，子宮內膜干細胞呈現(xiàn)出了β細胞的形狀并開始制造出一般由β細胞制造的蛋白質,，有些這樣的細胞也制造胰島素,。
進食后，身體會將食物分解成葡萄糖等成分,，這些成分接著會在身體內循環(huán),。作為回應，β細胞會釋放出胰島素，使身體細胞能吸收正在循環(huán)的葡萄糖,。在最新研究中,，泰勒團隊將成熟的干細胞暴露于葡萄糖下，結果發(fā)現(xiàn)培育出來的細胞就像典型的β細胞一樣,，通過產生胰島素對葡萄糖作出反應,。接著，科學家們將這種成熟的,、能制造胰島素的干細胞注入罹患糖尿病的老鼠體內——它們體內起作用的β細胞很少,，而且，血糖濃度很高,。
科學家們發(fā)現(xiàn),，沒有接受干細胞療法老鼠的血糖濃度一直很高，出現(xiàn)白內障且昏昏欲睡,；而接受干細胞治療的老鼠非?；钴S，也沒有出現(xiàn)白內障癥狀,，不過它們的血糖濃度也高于正常老鼠的血糖濃度,。
泰勒表示：“子宮內膜干細胞可能是治療Ⅰ型糖尿病的最好方法，Ⅰ型糖尿病患者的免疫系統(tǒng)破壞了身體本身制造胰島素的細胞,，結果導致沒有胰島素來控制血糖濃度,。”他們將繼續(xù)進行研究，弄清楚這種干細胞療法的治療效果能持續(xù)多長時間,，以及改變營養(yǎng)物“浴液”的濃度或增加注射細胞的劑量是否能使該治療方法更有效,。（生物谷 Bioon.com）
doi:10.1038/mt.2011.173
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Derivation of Insulin Producing Cells From Human Endometrial Stromal Stem Cells and Use in the Treatment of Murine Diabetes
Xavier Santamaria, Efi E Massasa, Yuzhe Feng, Erin Wolff, Hugh S Taylor
Pancreatic islet cell transplantation is an effective approach to treat type 1 diabetes, however the shortage of cadaveric donors and limitations due to rejection require alternative solutions. Multipotent cells derived from the uterine endometrium have the ability to differentiate into mesodermal and ectodermal cellular lineages, suggesting the existence of mesenchymal stem cells in this tissue. We differentiated human endometrial stromal stem cells (ESSC) into insulin secreting cells using a simple and nontransfection protocol. An in vitro protocol was developed and evaluated by assessing the expression of pan β-cell markers, followed by confirmation of insulin secretion. PAX4, PDX1, GLUT2, and insulin, were all increased in differentiated cells compared to controls. Differentiated cells secreted insulin in a glucose responsive manner. In a murine model, differentiated cells were injected into the kidney capsules of diabetic mice and human insulin identified in serum. Within 5 weeks blood glucose levels were stabilized in animals transplanted with differentiated cells, however those treated with undifferentiated cells developed progressive hyperglycemia. Mice transplanted with control cells lost weight and developed cataracts while those receiving insulin producing cells did not. Endometrium provides an easily accessible, renewable, and immunologically identical source of stem cells with potential therapeutic applications in diabetes.
