近日，刊登在《加拿大醫(yī)學(xué)協(xié)會(huì)期刊》（Canadian Medical Association Journal）上的一項(xiàng)研究結(jié)果表明,，加拿大青少年的整體自殺率在過(guò)去近30年間呈下降趨勢(shì),，但青少年女性的自殺率卻不斷上升。
根據(jù)這項(xiàng)研究調(diào)查,，加拿大10～19歲人群自殺率在1980至2008年期間略有下降,。報(bào)告的主要作者、加拿大公共衛(wèi)生局的流行病學(xué)家羅賓·斯金納（Robin Skinner）說(shuō)：“我們想傳遞的信息是,，任何自殺都是悲劇，現(xiàn)在的趨勢(shì)令人非常擔(dān)憂,。”
根據(jù)這項(xiàng)調(diào)查,，1980年，加拿大每10萬(wàn)名年齡介于10～14歲的女孩中,，有0.6人自殺,；到2008年時(shí)，這一數(shù)字上升到了0.9人,。而對(duì)于年齡介于15～19歲的女孩,，1980年時(shí)每10萬(wàn)人中有3.7人自殺，2008年則增至6.2人,。
研究還發(fā)現(xiàn),，15～19歲男孩的自殺率明顯下降，1980年時(shí)每10萬(wàn)人中有19人自殺,，到2008年時(shí)該人數(shù)已降至僅為6.2名,。而10～14歲男孩的自殺率沒(méi)有明顯變化，2008年,，該年齡階段的男孩中每10萬(wàn)人有1.6人自殺,。
整體看來(lái)，自殺是繼意外事故之后導(dǎo)致加拿大10～19歲人群死亡的第二大原因,，該國(guó)青少年選擇自殺的方式已從過(guò)去的開(kāi)槍或服毒,，轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)樽钥O致死。（生物谷Bioon.com）
doi:10.1503/cmaj.111867
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Suicide among children and adolescents in Canada: trends and sex differences, 1980–2008
Robin Skinner, Steven McFaull
Background: Suicide is the second leading cause of death for young Canadians (10–19 years of age) - a disturbing trend that has shown little improvement in recent years. Our objective was to examine suicide trends among Canadian children and adolescents.
Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of standardized suicide rates using Statistics Canada mortality data for the period spanning from 1980 to 2008. We analyzed the data by sex and by suicide method over time for two age groups: 10–14 year olds (children) and 15–19 year olds (adolescents). We quantified annual trends by calculating the average annual percent change (AAPC).
Results: We found an average annual decrease of 1.0% (95% confidence interval [CI] –1.5 to –0.4) in the suicide rate for children and adolescents, but stratification by age and sex showed significant variation. We saw an increase in suicide by suffocation among female children (AAPC = 8.1%, 95% CI 6.0 to 10.4) and adolescents (AAPC = 8.0%, 95% CI 6.2 to 9.8). In addition, we noted a decrease in suicides involving poisoning and firearms during the study period.
Interpretation: Our results show that suicide rates in Canada are increasing among female children and adolescents and decreasing among male children and adolescents. Limiting access to lethal means has some potential to mitigate risk. However, suffocation, which has become the predominant method for committing suicide for these age groups, is not amenable to this type of primary prevention.
