近日,,《飲食行為》(Eat Behavior)發(fā)表的一項(xiàng)研究顯示,與非抑郁女性相比,抑郁女性較少采取多食果蔬等健康節(jié)食行為,,而更多地采取漏餐等不健康節(jié)食行為。
在該項(xiàng)研究中,,賓州大學(xué)阿賓頓分校的Meghan M.Gillen博士及其同事調(diào)查了該大學(xué)所在地區(qū)198名曾參加有關(guān)戀愛(ài)關(guān)系與健康大型研究的志愿者,。受試者平均年齡24.8歲,51%為女性,,2/3為白人,。女性和男性受試者的平均體重指數(shù)(BMI)分別為23.93(范圍:17.45-47.71)和27.45(范圍:18.79-49.66)kg/m2。男性受試者超重和肥胖的比例分別為40%和25%,,與全美統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)一致,;而女性超重和肥胖的比例分別為22%和8%,低于全美比例,,屬于“相對(duì)較瘦”樣本,。
要求受試者填寫有關(guān)健康行為和態(tài)度的問(wèn)卷,每例受試者可獲得25美元報(bào)酬,,而14%的受試者選擇獲得心理學(xué)課程學(xué)分替代酬金,。研究者采用流行病研究中心抑郁量表(CES-D)和24項(xiàng)體重控制行為量表分別評(píng)估受試者的抑郁癥狀和減肥行為,,體重控制行為量表刪除了不能確定飲食行為是否健康的3項(xiàng)內(nèi)容(節(jié)食中心配餐、減肥組及其他),。次量表包括健康節(jié)食行為(12項(xiàng),,如食用較多水果和蔬菜)和不健康節(jié)食行為(9項(xiàng),如漏餐),?;诿坷茉囌哌^(guò)去1年內(nèi)是否經(jīng)常采取上述減肥策略的總評(píng)分判斷其總體健康和不健康節(jié)食行為。
結(jié)果顯示,,即使校正BMI和抑郁因素后,,女性報(bào)告采取健康或不健康節(jié)食策略的比例仍高于男性。研究者評(píng)估抑郁對(duì)兩種飲食行為的影響后發(fā)現(xiàn),,女性抑郁與健康節(jié)食行為呈負(fù)相關(guān)(簡(jiǎn)單斜率檢驗(yàn)t[192]=–2.59,,P<0.01),而與不健康飲食行為呈正相關(guān)(t[192]=3.61,,P<0.01),。男性抑郁與健康(t[192]=0.63,P=0.52)和不健康飲食行為(t[192]=1.93,,P=0 .06)均無(wú)關(guān)聯(lián),。
研究者指出,健康心態(tài)或許是采取適應(yīng)性減肥的前提,,而不健康節(jié)食策略通常代表了一種自我厭惡的自懲心態(tài),。上述結(jié)果還提示,預(yù)示女性青少年(非男性青少年)體重控制策略與抑郁相關(guān)性的Stice與Bearman模型(2001)或可擴(kuò)大至成年人群,。該性別加性模型適應(yīng)范圍的擴(kuò)大,,可能反映了抑郁導(dǎo)致適應(yīng)不良節(jié)食行為日益增加的趨勢(shì),因?yàn)榕愿涌释麥p肥并且心理上更難以做出健康選擇,。其最終結(jié)果是,適應(yīng)不良節(jié)食行為不僅與抑郁,,而且也與進(jìn)食障礙相關(guān),,提示在女性出現(xiàn)更為復(fù)雜的長(zhǎng)期心理健康問(wèn)題之前,醫(yī)療保健專業(yè)人員應(yīng)干預(yù)其不健康節(jié)食行為,。
該研究的合著者得到了美國(guó)羅格斯大學(xué)基金資助,。研究者報(bào)告無(wú)相關(guān)利益沖突。(生物谷Bioon.com)
doi:10.1016/j.eatbeh.2011.11.014
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An examination of dieting behaviors among adults: Links with depression
Meghan M. Gillena, , , Charlotte N. Markeyb, , Patrick M. Markey
In the current study, we examined predictors of healthy and unhealthy dieting behaviors with the aim of examining whether or not weight control strategies are associated with depression. Men and women (N = 198; M = 24.80 years; 51% women) were recruited from a university campus and its surrounding community in the northeastern US. Participants' height and weight were measured, and they completed a survey on health behaviors and attitudes. Results indicated that women and men with high BMIs were more likely to engage in both healthy and unhealthy dieting behaviors than those with low BMIs. Additionally, women with higher levels of depressive symptoms utilized fewer healthy dieting behaviors and more unhealthy dieting behaviors. Depression was not linked to healthy or unhealthy dieting behaviors in men. These findings are discussed in terms of the potential reciprocal relationship between women's unhealthy weight control strategies and depression.