大豆是一種重要商業(yè)作物,，既提供蛋白，又提供油料,，其與固氮菌的共生關(guān)系使它成為輪作系統(tǒng)中的一種高利潤作物?，F(xiàn)在，它的基因組已完成測序：它是第一個完成測序的豆科植物基因組,，也是用整基因組“獵槍”法測序的最大植物基因組（1.1 gigabases）,。
大豆的遺傳史多彩多姿：基因組復(fù)制發(fā)生在距今5900萬年和1300萬年間，產(chǎn)生一個復(fù)制率很高的基因組,，其中近75%的基因以多版本存在,。大豆基因組準(zhǔn)確序列的獲得將加快改良大豆品種的培育。（生物谷Bioon.com）
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生物谷推薦原始出處：
Nature 463, 178-183 (14 January 2010) | doi:10.1038/nature08670
Genome sequence of the palaeopolyploid soybean
Jeremy Schmutz1,2, Steven B. Cannon3, Jessica Schlueter4,5, Jianxin Ma5, Therese Mitros6, William Nelson7, David L. Hyten8, Qijian Song8,9, Jay J. Thelen10, Jianlin Cheng11, Dong Xu11, Uffe Hellsten2, Gregory D. May12, Yeisoo Yu13, Tetsuya Sakurai14, Taishi Umezawa14, Madan K. Bhattacharyya15, Devinder Sandhu16, Babu Valliyodan17, Erika Lindquist2, Myron Peto3, David Grant3, Shengqiang Shu2, David Goodstein2, Kerrie Barry2, Montona Futrell-Griggs5, Brian Abernathy5, Jianchang Du5, Zhixi Tian5, Liucun Zhu5, Navdeep Gill5, Trupti Joshi11, Marc Libault17, Anand Sethuraman1, Xue-Cheng Zhang17, Kazuo Shinozaki14, Henry T. Nguyen17, Rod A. Wing13, Perry Cregan8, James Specht18, Jane Grimwood1,2, Dan Rokhsar2, Gary Stacey10,17, Randy C. Shoemaker3 & Scott A. Jackson5
Soybean (Glycine max) is one of the most important crop plants for seed protein and oil content, and for its capacity to fix atmospheric nitrogen through symbioses with soil-borne microorganisms. We sequenced the 1.1-gigabase genome by a whole-genome shotgun approach and integrated it with physical and high-density genetic maps to create a chromosome-scale draft sequence assembly. We predict 46,430 protein-coding genes, 70% more than Arabidopsis and similar to the poplar genome which, like soybean, is an ancient polyploid (palaeopolyploid). About 78% of the predicted genes occur in chromosome ends, which comprise less than one-half of the genome but account for nearly all of the genetic recombination. Genome duplications occurred at approximately 59 and 13 million years ago, resulting in a highly duplicated genome with nearly 75% of the genes present in multiple copies. The two duplication events were followed by gene diversification and loss, and numerous chromosome rearrangements. An accurate soybean genome sequence will facilitate the identification of the genetic basis of many soybean traits, and accelerate the creation of improved soybean varieties.
