不同國家的人群之間存在基因差異,,這一點已被科學家證實,,而英國的一項最新研究顯示,,即使同一國家不同地區(qū)的居民,,其基因也存在差異,。通過簡單的基因測試,,即可準確地測定今日城市居民的先祖起源。
世界上每個人的指紋都不盡相同,,這種“唯一性”成為其身份的標志,。不同人之間基因也不相同,這種差異可像指紋一樣具有“唯一性”,,因而被形象地稱為基因指紋,。過去認為,不同國家的人的基因指紋具有明顯差異,,通過基因檢測,,可推斷出一個人的祖先是生活在意大利還是西班牙,。而相近兩地居民是否存在基因指紋的差異,一直未被證實,。
為了確認一個國家相近兩地居民是否具有不同的基因指紋,,英國愛丁堡大學的研究人員對來自英國蘇格蘭群島、意大利阿爾卑斯山區(qū)和克羅地亞農村的志愿者基因進行了分析,。為了確保其先祖發(fā)源地的確定性,,這些志愿者的祖父母和外祖父母皆來自同一村莊,且志愿者之間沒有任何親緣關系,。研究結果表明,,相距不到5英里的兩個村莊的居民,都會有自己獨特的基因指紋,。通過基因測試,,研究人員準確地判定出志愿者的先祖居地,其中對意大利志愿者的判定準確率是100%,,對蘇格蘭志愿者的判定準確率是96%,,而對克羅地亞志愿者的判定準確率稍低,也達到了89%,。生 物谷啟用新域名 www.bioon.net
研究人員認為,,很久以前,人們傾向于在自己居住地就近通婚,,經過許多世代,,不同村莊的居民便有了他們自己獨特的遺傳指紋。因此,,今天的科學家才可以通過基因測試來發(fā)現(xiàn)遙遠的親屬關系,。該研究成果發(fā)表在《歐洲人類遺傳學雜志》上。(生物谷Bioon.net)
生物谷推薦原文出處:
European Journal of Human Genetics doi: 10.1038/ejhg.2010.92
Genes predict village of origin in rural Europe
Colm O'Dushlaine1, Ruth McQuillan2, Michael E Weale3, Daniel J M Crouch3, ?sa Johansson4, Yurii Aulchenko5, Christopher S Franklin2, Ozren Pola?ek6, Christian Fuchsberger7, Aiden Corvin1, Andrew A Hicks7, Veronique Vitart8, Caroline Hayward8, Sarah H Wild2, Thomas Meitinger9,10, Cornelia M van Duijn5, Ulf Gyllensten4, Alan F Wright8, Harry Campbell2, Peter P Pramstaller7, Igor Rudan2,6,11 and James F Wilson2
1Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
2Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
3Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, London, UK
4Department of Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
5Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
6Gen-Info Ltd, Zagreb, Croatia
7Institute of Genetic Medicine, European Academy (EURAC), Bozen/Bolzano, Italy
8MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Edinburgh, UK
9Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
10Institute of Human Genetics, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universit?t München, München, Germany
11Croatian Centre for Global Health, University of Split, Split, Croatia
The genetic structure of human populations is important in population genetics, forensics and medicine. Using genome-wide scans and individuals with all four grandparents born in the same settlement, we here demonstrate remarkable geographical structure across 8–30?km in three different parts of rural Europe. After excluding close kin and inbreeding, village of origin could still be predicted correctly on the basis of genetic data for 89–100% of individuals.