德國(guó)萊布尼茨植物遺傳學(xué)與農(nóng)作物研究所的Nils Stein博士帶領(lǐng)一個(gè)國(guó)際科研團(tuán)體，經(jīng)過(guò)兩年努力,，終于首次觀察到谷類作物大麥的全基因組,?？茖W(xué)家們借助他們建立的新方法，已能確定大麥全部基因2/3的排序,，這些成果成為完整破譯大麥與相近的小麥基因組的基礎(chǔ),。
根據(jù)來(lái)自世界糧農(nóng)組織的信息，小麥與大麥在全球種植最多的谷物排名中分別占據(jù)第一和第五位,，它們對(duì)于經(jīng)濟(jì)與科研具有重要意義,?？茖W(xué)家們只有在掌握了植物的遺傳密碼后，才能理解為其復(fù)雜性狀負(fù)責(zé)的分子機(jī)制,。而了解遺傳密碼也是改善作物重要性能的基礎(chǔ),，比如耐旱與抵抗力。
然而谷物基因組極其龐大且構(gòu)造復(fù)雜,，這使得完整解碼困難很大,。Stein博士稱，大麥基因組約為人類基因組的兩倍半,，是水稻基因組的12倍,，全部解碼需要1億美元經(jīng)費(fèi)。成功測(cè)試的新方法現(xiàn)已用來(lái)研究更為龐大的小麥基因組,。
由于很多農(nóng)作物具有相似性,，研究人員可以將大麥的遺傳信息與特征表現(xiàn)之間的關(guān)系轉(zhuǎn)用于研究比如黑麥等其他近似的谷類。
此研究成果已發(fā)表于《植物細(xì)胞》第23期,。（生物谷Bioon.com）
生物谷推薦原文出處：
The Plant Cell doi: 10.1105/tpc.110.082537
Unlocking the Barley Genome by Chromosomal and Comparative Genomics
Klaus F.X. Mayer, Mihaela Martis, Pete E. Hedley, Hana imková, Hui Liu, Jenny A. Morris, Burkhard Steuernage, Stefan Taudien, Stephan Roessner, Heidrun Gundlach, Marie Kubaláková, Pavla Suchánková, Florent Murat, Marius Felder, Thomas Nussbaumer, Andreas Graner, Jerome Salsef, Takashi Endog, Hiroaki Sakaih, Tsuyoshi Tanaka, Takeshi Itoh, Kazuhiro Sato, Matthias Platzere, Takashi Matsumotoh, Uwe Scholz, Jaroslav Dole?el, Robbie Waugh,1 and Nils Stein
We used a novel approach that incorporated chromosome sorting, next-generation sequencing, array hybridization, and systematic exploitation of conserved synteny with model grasses to assign ~86% of the estimated ~32,000 barley (Hordeum vulgare) genes to individual chromosome arms. Using a series of bioinformatically constructed genome zippers that integrate gene indices of rice (Oryza sativa), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), and Brachypodium distachyon in a conserved synteny model, we were able to assemble 21,766 barley genes in a putative linear order. We show that the barley (H) genome displays a mosaic of structural similarity to hexaploid bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) A, B, and D subgenomes and that orthologous genes in different grasses exhibit signatures of positive selection in different lineages. We present an ordered, information-rich scaffold of the barley genome that provides a valuable and robust framework for the development of novel strategies in cereal breeding.
