近日中科院動(dòng)物所鞘翅目形態(tài)與進(jìn)化研究組的研究人員在昆蟲(chóng)后翅形態(tài)進(jìn)化研究中獲得新進(jìn)展,，相關(guān)研究論文發(fā)表在美國(guó)《公共科學(xué)圖書(shū)館—綜合》（PLoS ONE）雜志上,。
領(lǐng)導(dǎo)這一研究的是中國(guó)科學(xué)院動(dòng)物研究所鞘翅目形態(tài)與進(jìn)化研究組組長(zhǎng)楊星科研究員，其長(zhǎng)期從事鞘翅目,、脈翅目等昆蟲(chóng)類(lèi)群的系統(tǒng)學(xué)和昆蟲(chóng)地理學(xué)研究,。先后在國(guó)內(nèi)外刊物上發(fā)表有關(guān)研究報(bào)告或論文近200篇,，其中近五年發(fā)表SCI源論文20余篇，發(fā)現(xiàn)新屬4個(gè),、新種200余個(gè),。
昆蟲(chóng)是地球上最繁盛的生物類(lèi)群，翅的獲得在昆蟲(chóng)演化歷程中扮演了重要角色,。長(zhǎng)久以來(lái),，后翅特征在昆蟲(chóng)的識(shí)別和種類(lèi)鑒定中就已獲得廣泛應(yīng)用且具重要價(jià)值。伴隨著支序系統(tǒng)學(xué)的發(fā)展,，后翅成為系統(tǒng)發(fā)育研究中非常重要的特征來(lái)源,。但是后翅的形態(tài)是否能夠反映整個(gè)昆蟲(chóng)的系統(tǒng)發(fā)育并未獲得證實(shí)。而且前人對(duì)后翅形態(tài)進(jìn)化的研究,，通?；趥鹘y(tǒng)定性的方法對(duì)一定種類(lèi)進(jìn)行研究，或者是基于定量的方法對(duì)少數(shù)種類(lèi)（如果蠅等模式生物）進(jìn)行研究,。利用定量的研究方法對(duì)大量種類(lèi)后翅進(jìn)化的研究還未見(jiàn)報(bào)道,。
研究人員利用支序系統(tǒng)學(xué)和幾何形態(tài)學(xué)研究方法，基于81種蜣螂（鞘翅目：金龜科）,，選取了19個(gè)后翅標(biāo)點(diǎn)和119個(gè)形態(tài)特征,，發(fā)現(xiàn)基于后翅形態(tài)的幾何形態(tài)學(xué)樹(shù)與基于119個(gè)形態(tài)特征的系統(tǒng)發(fā)育樹(shù)高度相關(guān)，這就說(shuō)明了后翅進(jìn)化與整個(gè)身體進(jìn)化高度相關(guān),。通過(guò)進(jìn)一步研究發(fā)現(xiàn),，后翅并非與身體所有部位的進(jìn)化都相關(guān)，主要與胸部和腹部相關(guān)性最高,。通過(guò)對(duì)蜣螂后翅的形態(tài)變異程度評(píng)價(jià)研究,，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)原始種類(lèi)后翅形態(tài)趨于多樣化。另外,，我們通過(guò)對(duì)蜣螂祖先后翅形態(tài)的推斷,，發(fā)現(xiàn)在蜣螂進(jìn)化過(guò)程中，后翅形態(tài)總體趨于穩(wěn)定（尤其是R,、M脈）,，從而證實(shí)了蜣螂后翅的飛行功能自起源以來(lái)沒(méi)有顯著變化。通過(guò)整合支序系統(tǒng)學(xué)和幾何形態(tài)學(xué)研究方法,，本研究為昆蟲(chóng)后翅形態(tài)進(jìn)化研究提供了新的思路和方向,。
該研究由中國(guó)科學(xué)院動(dòng)物研究所楊星科領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的團(tuán)隊(duì)歷時(shí)近6年完成，團(tuán)隊(duì)成員中白明副研究員留學(xué)期間所檢視的保存在歐洲等國(guó)14個(gè)知名博物館的模式標(biāo)本,，為本研究奠定了堅(jiān)實(shí)基礎(chǔ),。該研究獲得了來(lái)自國(guó)家自然基金委、中科院和科技部（973）的資助,。（生物谷Bioon.com）
生物谷推薦原文出處：
PLoS ONE doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0021600
Evolutionary Constraints in Hind Wing Shape in Chinese Dung Beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae)
Ming Bai, Erin McCullough, Ke-Qing Song, Wan-Gang Liu1, Xing-Ke Yang
This study examines the evolution hindwing shape in Chinese dung beetle species using morphometric and phylogenetic analyses. Previous studies have analyzed the evolution of wing shape within a single or very few species, or by comparing only a few wing traits. No study has analyzed wing shape evolution of a large number of species, or quantitatively compared morphological variation of wings with proposed phylogenetic relationships. This study examines the morphological variation of hindwings based on 19 landmarks, 119 morphological characters, and 81 beetle species. Only one most parsimonious tree (MPT) was found based on 119 wing and body characters. To better understand the possible role of the hindwing in the evolution of Scarabaeinae, additional phylogenetic analyses were proposed based on the only body features (106 characters, wing characters excluded). Two MPT were found based on 106 body characters, and five nodes were collapsed in a strict consensus. There was a strong correlation between the morphometric tree and all phylogenetic trees (r>0.5). Reconstructions of the ancestral wing forms suggest that Scarabaeinae hindwing morphology has not changed substantially over time, but the morphological changes that do occur are focused at the base of the wing. These results suggest that flight has been important since the origin of Scarabaeinae, and that variation in hindwing morphology has been limited by functional constraints. Comparison of metric disparity values and relative evolutionary sequences among Scarabaeinae tribes suggest that the primitive dung beetles had relatively diverse hindwing morphologies, while advanced dung beetles have relatively similar wing morphologies. The strong correlation between the morphometric tree and phylogenetic trees suggest that hindwing features reflect the evolution of whole body morphology and that wing characters are suitable for the phylogenetic analyses. By integrating morphometric and cladistic approaches, this paper sheds new light on the evolution of dung beetle hind wings.
