近日,中國科學(xué)院北京基因組研究所“百人計劃”研究員王前飛與美國芝加哥大學(xué)血液學(xué)教授Michael J. Thirman合作開展的“MLL融合蛋白在急性白血病中的致病機制研究”取得階段性進展,,其研究論文《MLL融合蛋白在白血病基因組中選擇性調(diào)控MLL野生型的部分靶基因》(MLL Fusion Proteins Preferentially Regulate a Subset of Wild Type MLL Target Genes in the Leukemic Genome)于近日在《血液》(Blood)雜志發(fā)表,。該項成果揭示了MLL融合蛋白通過選擇性調(diào)控野生型MLL蛋白的部分靶基因,進而推動急性白血病發(fā)生的致病機制,,為我國白血病及其腫瘤基因組研究起到了積極推動意義。
MLL白血病是一類預(yù)后不良的血液系統(tǒng)惡性腫瘤,由于染色體易位形成MLL融合蛋白而得名,。野生型MLL(Mixed Lineage Leukemia)基因編碼一種組蛋白甲基轉(zhuǎn)移酶,通過催化H3K4甲基化而激活一系列在血細胞分化和發(fā)育過程中起關(guān)鍵作用的基因表達,。染色體易位后形成的MLL融合蛋白通過募集組蛋白甲基轉(zhuǎn)移酶DOT1L來催化H3K79甲基化,,引起全基因組轉(zhuǎn)錄表達的紊亂。然而,,失衡的轉(zhuǎn)錄組中哪些是MLL融合蛋白的直接靶基因和關(guān)鍵的致病通路,,目前尚未有較系統(tǒng)和全面的研究。
為了闡述這一重要問題,,王前飛研究員及其實驗室成員通過采用兩套平行方案,,即比較人源白血病細胞系的MLL結(jié)合、聯(lián)合分析可誘導(dǎo)MLL-ENL小鼠模型的靶基因定位與表達譜,,發(fā)現(xiàn)了MLL融合蛋白結(jié)合的靶基因是野生型MLL蛋白靶基因的一部分(圖A),。研究還發(fā)現(xiàn),在誘導(dǎo)MLL-ENL小鼠模型中,,MLL融合蛋白的結(jié)合與H3K79甲基化水平的改變僅局限于部分基因組區(qū)域,,并由此界定了223個MLL-ENL結(jié)合的靶基因。令人吃驚的是,,在誘導(dǎo)產(chǎn)生MLL-ENL融合蛋白后,,MLL融合蛋白結(jié)合的絕大部分靶基因沒有顯示出mRNA表達水平的顯著改變;只有12個靶基因的mRNA水平顯著升高,,被定義為MLL-ENL調(diào)控靶基因,。除了已知的HOXA9/MEIS1,研究還發(fā)現(xiàn)了轉(zhuǎn)錄因子EYA1,、SIX1和SIX4是MLL-ENL的直接靶點,,而且EYA蛋白已知能與SIX蛋白家族成員形成異二聚體,,因此提示了EYA1/SIX1很可能是急性白血病中MLL融合蛋白介導(dǎo)的一種新的致病通路。研究人員進一步通過造血細胞轉(zhuǎn)化實驗,,證明了EYA1與SIX1協(xié)同作用能使造血祖細胞在體外永生化(圖B),。
總之,該研究揭示了MLL融合蛋白通過選擇性調(diào)控野生型MLL蛋白的部分靶基因而推動急性白血病發(fā)生的致病機制,,表明了EYA1/SIX1很可能是急性白血病中MLL融合蛋白介導(dǎo)的一種新的致病通路,,為深入開展白血病的轉(zhuǎn)錄調(diào)控機理研究奠定了良好基礎(chǔ)。目前,,該實驗室正綜合運用ChIP-seq和RNA-seq系統(tǒng)研究MLL白血病中關(guān)鍵的microRNA靶基因和相關(guān)的轉(zhuǎn)錄調(diào)控網(wǎng)絡(luò),,并對MLL白血病病人進行全基因組重測序。研究人員期望聯(lián)合實驗血液學(xué)以及強大的基因組學(xué)技術(shù)平臺,,解讀正常與白血病基因組,,并由此加深對人類癌癥的理論認識,為設(shè)計分子手段治療血癌提供可能的靶點,。(生物谷Bioon.com)
生物谷推薦原文出處:
Blood doi: 10.1182/blood-2010-12-324699
MLL fusion proteins preferentially regulate a subset of wild-type MLL target genes in the leukemic genome
Qian-fei Wang, George Wu, Shuangli Mi, Fuhong He, Jun Wu, Jingfang Dong, Roger T. Luo, Ryan Mattison, Joseph J. Kaberlein, Shyam Prabhakar, Hongkai Ji, and Michael J. Thirman
MLL encodes a histone methyltransferase that is critical in maintaining gene expression during embryonic development and hematopoiesis. 11q23 translocations result in the formation of chimeric MLL fusion proteins that act as potent drivers of acute leukemia. However, it remains unclear what portion of the leukemic genome is under the direct control of MLL fusions. By comparing patient-derived leukemic cell lines, we find that MLL fusion-bound genes are a small subset of that recognized by wild-type MLL. In an inducible MLL-ENL model, MLL fusion protein binding and changes in H3K79 methylation are limited to a specific portion of the genome, whereas wild-type MLL distributes to a much larger set of gene loci. Surprisingly, among 223 MLL-ENL–bound genes, only 12 demonstrate a significant increase in mRNA expression on induction of the fusion protein. In addition to Hoxa9 and Meis1, this includes Eya1 and Six1, which comprise a heterodimeric transcription factor important in several developmental pathways. We show that Eya1 has the capacity to immortalize hematopoietic progenitor cells in vitro and collaborates with Six1 in hematopoietic transformation assays. Altogether, our data suggest that MLL fusions contribute to the development of acute leukemia through direct activation of a small set of target genes.