據(jù)美國物理學(xué)家組織網(wǎng)7月21日（北京時間）報道,，德國明斯特大學(xué)和美國生命技術(shù)公司的研究人員剛剛公布了腸出血性大腸桿菌(EHEC)的基因組草圖,。研究人員稱,，該草圖的公布不但有助于人們對近幾個月來在德國等多個國家暴發(fā)的EHEC疫情進行監(jiān)控,，還可能帶來更為有效的治療方法,。相關(guān)研究成果7月20日發(fā)表在《公共科學(xué)圖書館—綜合》（PLoS One）雜志在線版上,。
明斯特大學(xué)衛(wèi)生研究所溶血性尿毒綜合征實驗室博士亞歷山大·邁爾曼說,，通過將引發(fā)此次疫情的O104：H4型腸出血性大腸桿菌與2001年采集自一名溶血性尿毒癥（HUS）體內(nèi)的O104：H4型腸出血性大腸桿菌進行基因?qū)Ρ群?，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，兩種菌株并非同源,，引起此次德國EHEC暴發(fā)的O104:H4菌株來自一種腸聚集性大腸桿菌EAEC O104:H4 55989菌株的變異,，其中還摻雜了一種目前未知的由志賀毒素產(chǎn)生的O104：H4菌株。
論文作者,、明斯特大學(xué)衛(wèi)生研究所教授赫希·卡赫說,，這項研究再次強調(diào)了積累的重要作用。從1996年起他們就開始了溶血性尿毒癥癥候群等疾病的研究和生物樣本的采集工作,，此前的研究對發(fā)現(xiàn)高致病性EHEC菌株的變異非常重要,。
負(fù)責(zé)該研究的明斯特大學(xué)微生物學(xué)家達格·哈馬舍爾教授說：“多虧有了離子流個人化操作基因組測序儀(PGM)和新一代測序技術(shù)(NGS)的幫助，測序工作才能進行得如此迅速,。雖然此前已有不少研究采用了新一代測序技術(shù),，但將其用于突發(fā)疫情的實時研究還尚屬首次。”
明斯特大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院院長威廉·施密茨說,，如此快速的測序完全可以被稱為一個“技術(shù)杰作”,，其成果不但有助于對疫情的監(jiān)測和診斷，還極有可能導(dǎo)致新療法的產(chǎn)生,。(生物谷 Bioon.com)
生物谷推薦原文出處：
PLoS ONE doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0022751
Prospective Genomic Characterization of the German Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O104:H4 Outbreak by Rapid Next Generation Sequencing Technology
Alexander Mellmann, Dag Harmsen2, Craig A. Cummings, Emily B. Zentz, Shana R. Leopold, Alain Rico, Karola Prior, Rafael Szczepanowski, Yongmei Ji, Wenlan Zhang, Stephen F. McLaughlin, John K. Henkhaus, Benjamin Leopold, Martina Bielaszewska, Rita Prager, Pius M. Brzoska, Richard L. Moore, Simone Guenther, Jonathan M. Rothberg, Helge Karch
An ongoing outbreak of exceptionally virulent Shiga toxin (Stx)-producing Escherichia coli O104:H4 centered in Germany, has caused over 830 cases of hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) and 46 deaths since May 2011. Serotype O104:H4, which has not been detected in animals, has rarely been associated with HUS in the past. To prospectively elucidate the unique characteristics of this strain in the early stages of this outbreak, we applied whole genome sequencing on the Life Technologies Ion Torrent PGM? sequencer and Optical Mapping to characterize one outbreak isolate (LB226692) and a historic O104:H4 HUS isolate from 2001 (01-09591). Reference guided draft assemblies of both strains were completed with the newly introduced PGM? within 62 hours. The HUS-associated strains both carried genes typically found in two types of pathogenic E. coli, enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC) and enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC). Phylogenetic analyses of 1,144 core E. coli genes indicate that the HUS-causing O104:H4 strains and the previously published sequence of the EAEC strain 55989 show a close relationship but are only distantly related to common EHEC serotypes. Though closely related, the outbreak strain differs from the 2001 strain in plasmid content and fimbrial genes. We propose a model in which EAEC 55989 and EHEC O104:H4 strains evolved from a common EHEC O104:H4 progenitor, and suggest that by stepwise gain and loss of chromosomal and plasmid-encoded virulence factors, a highly pathogenic hybrid of EAEC and EHEC emerged as the current outbreak clone. In conclusion, rapid next-generation technologies facilitated prospective whole genome characterization in the early stages of an outbreak.
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