11月11日,據(jù)《每日郵報(bào)》報(bào)道,,瑞士科學(xué)家通過調(diào)整老鼠的一個(gè)基因,制造出了超級強(qiáng)壯的“馬拉松老鼠”,。新的轉(zhuǎn)基因老鼠不僅肌肉更強(qiáng)壯,,而且其在跑步機(jī)上行進(jìn)的距離也是普通老鼠的兩倍??茖W(xué)家們表示,,最新研究有望用于人類與衰老和肌肉萎縮癥有關(guān)的疾病的治療。研究論文發(fā)表在《細(xì)胞》雜志上,。
洛桑聯(lián)邦理工學(xué)院的科學(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn),,一種細(xì)小的抑制因子NCoR1可能為肌肉的強(qiáng)壯程度和運(yùn)動(dòng)能力負(fù)責(zé),通過對該基因進(jìn)行修改,,讓其不再工作,,科學(xué)家們抑制住了常常會(huì)阻止肌肉增強(qiáng)的酶。他們發(fā)現(xiàn),,沒有該基因,,老鼠的肌肉會(huì)更加強(qiáng)壯,將其取出也沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)明顯的副作用,。
在測試中,,經(jīng)過基因修改的老鼠在跑步機(jī)上的行走速度更快、持續(xù)時(shí)間更長,、行走距離達(dá)到普通老鼠的兩倍,,而且也更能適應(yīng)寒冷的環(huán)境,。科學(xué)家們將其稱為“馬拉松老鼠”,,希望借此找到方法治療與衰老有關(guān)的疾病,。
通過在顯微鏡下觀察“馬拉松老鼠”的肌肉,科學(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn),,其肌肉更致密且肌肉組織中包含有更多的線粒體,。線粒體能為細(xì)胞的生命活動(dòng)提供場所,有細(xì)胞“動(dòng)力工廠”之稱,。
科學(xué)家們在蠕蟲身上也進(jìn)行了同樣的實(shí)驗(yàn),,得到了同樣的結(jié)果。他們認(rèn)為,,這種基因修改很有可能也適用于人類,,如果這種效應(yīng)能在人體復(fù)制,那么就有可能開發(fā)出療法,,治療老人的肌肉萎縮癥等無法治愈的疾病,。科學(xué)家們正試圖研制可產(chǎn)生同樣效果的藥物,。
該研究論文的作者約翰·奧維爾克斯表示:“如果這些結(jié)論在人體獲得證實(shí),,那么毫無疑問,它將引起運(yùn)動(dòng)員和專家們的興趣,。”
然而,,也有人擔(dān)心這種方法存在倫理問題,比如會(huì)讓運(yùn)動(dòng)員擁有不公平的競爭優(yōu)勢等,。對此,,奧維爾克斯說:“反興奮劑機(jī)構(gòu)在對運(yùn)動(dòng)員進(jìn)行體檢時(shí)應(yīng)考慮到這一點(diǎn)。”(生物谷 Bioon.com)
doi:10.1016/j.cell.2011.10.017
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NCoR1 Is a Conserved Physiological Modulator of Muscle Mass and Oxidative Function
Hiroyasu Yamamoto, Evan G. Williams, Laurent Mouchiroud, Carles Cantó, Weiwei Fan, Michael Downes, Christophe Héligon, Grant D. Barish, Béatrice Desvergne, Ronald M. Evans et al.
Transcriptional coregulators control the activity of many transcription factors and are thought to have wide-ranging effects on gene expression patterns. We show here that muscle-specific loss of nuclear receptor corepressor 1 (NCoR1) in mice leads to enhanced exercise endurance due to an increase of both muscle mass and of mitochondrial number and activity. The activation of selected transcription factors that control muscle function, such as MEF2, PPARβ/, and ERRs, underpins these phenotypic alterations. NCoR1 levels are decreased in conditions that require fat oxidation, resetting transcriptional programs to boost oxidative metabolism. Knockdown of gei-8, the sole C. elegans NCoR homolog, also robustly increased muscle mitochondria and respiration, suggesting conservation of NCoR1 function. Collectively, our data suggest that NCoR1 plays an adaptive role in muscle physiology and that interference with NCoR1 action could be used to improve muscle function.