11月21日,，Genome Biology在線發(fā)表了中科院植物所景海春研究組和華大基因研究院研究人員的研究成果,。研究者利用新一代高通量測序技術(shù),，對2個甜高粱和1個中國籽實高粱品系進行了基因組重測序,。利用美國能源部聯(lián)合基因組研究所完成的1個籽實高粱基因組為模板,，比較分析發(fā)現(xiàn)：甜高粱和籽實高粱在近1500個基因中存在序列和結(jié)構(gòu)差異,，這些基因參與糖與淀粉代謝,、木質(zhì)素和香豆素合成,、核酸代謝、脅迫應(yīng)答和DNA修復(fù)等活動,。
作為世界第5大作物的高粱是世界干旱及半干旱區(qū)的主要糧食作物,，也是我國最早栽培的禾谷類作物之一，有著上千年的歷史,，是重要的雜糧和釀酒,、飼料、色素等工業(yè)的重要原料,。甜高粱是高粱的一個自然變種,，同普通籽實高粱相比有著諸多獨特的生物學和農(nóng)藝學性狀，如高光合效率,、大生物量和更強的耐逆性等,。尤為突出是它的高秸桿含糖量，是我國和世界發(fā)展第1,、2代生物質(zhì)液體燃料的重要作物,。但甜高粱和籽實高粱在基因組水平的差異尚未有深入研究。
此外,，本研究發(fā)掘出1,057,018個SNPs, 99,948個1-10bp 小片段缺失,，16,487個大片段PAV和17,111個拷貝數(shù)變化。這些結(jié)果對下一步深入研究基因組變異如何影響生物學性狀,，建立基因-性狀關(guān)聯(lián)和開展高粱分子育種有很大幫助,。
景海春研究組助理研究員鄭雷英和華大基因研究院的研究人員為該論文的共同第一作者。該研究得到了中科院知識創(chuàng)新工程重點方向項目和新加坡淡馬錫研究所的支持,。(生物谷Bioon.com)
doi:10.1186/gb-2011-12-11-r114
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Genome-wide patterns of genetic variation in sweet and grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)
Lei-Ying Zheng, Xiao-Sen Guo, Bing He, Lian-Jun Sun, Yao Peng, Shan-Shan Dong, Teng-Fei Liu, Shuye Jiang, Srinivasan Ramachandran, Chun-Ming Liu and Hai-Chun Jing
Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) is globally produced as a source of food, feed, fibre and fuel. Grain and sweet sorghums differ in a number of important traits including stem sugar and juice accumulation, plant height as well as grain and biomass production. The first whole genome sequence of a grain sorghum is available, but additional genome sequences are required to study genome-wide and intraspecific variation for dissecting the genetic basis of these important traits and for tailor-designed breeding of this important C4 crop.We resequenced two sweet and one grain sorghum inbred lines, and identified a set of nearly 1,500 genes differentiating sweet and grain sorghum. These genes fall into 10 major metabolic pathways involved in sugar and starch metabolisms, lignin and coumarin biosynthesis, nucleic acid metabolism, stress responses and DNA damage repair. In addition, we uncovered 1,057,018 SNPs, 99,948 indels of 1-10bp in length and 16,487 presence/absence variations as well as 17,111 CNVs. The majority of the large-effect SNPs, indels and presence/absence variations resided in the genes containing leucine rich repeats, PPR repeats and disease resistance R genes possessing diverse biological functions or under diversifying selection, but were absent in genes which are essential for life.
