家養(yǎng)動(dòng)物起源研究不僅具有其自身的意義，而且對(duì)于了解人類社會(huì)的發(fā)展也十分重要,。雖然有證據(jù)顯示家豬在全世界多個(gè)地方獨(dú)立起源,，但家豬在東亞的具體起源地點(diǎn)和擴(kuò)散路徑并不是很清楚,。近期,，昆明動(dòng)物研究所遺傳資源與進(jìn)化國家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室張亞平院士研究小組對(duì)東亞野豬和家豬的線粒體群體基因組進(jìn)行了分析，研究表明所有東亞家豬來源于單一世系D,，且東亞家豬的馴化主要發(fā)生在湄公河流域和長江中下游流域,。該研究成果于11月19日發(fā)表在國際著名刊物《基因組生物學(xué)（Genome Biology）》上（http://genomebiology.com/content/pdf/gb-2007-8-11-r245.pdf ）
群體基因組學(xué)是目前解決群體遺傳結(jié)構(gòu)、多樣性和系統(tǒng)地理分化的最佳手段,，但昂貴的測(cè)序費(fèi)用使得群體基因組學(xué)仍然只是未來的發(fā)展趨勢(shì),。吳桂生、張亞平及其合作者通過分析家豬和野豬線粒體控制區(qū)序列得到初步的系統(tǒng)發(fā)育信息,，并在此基礎(chǔ)上選取代表不同世系的個(gè)體進(jìn)行線粒體全序列測(cè)定,，首次構(gòu)建了基于線粒體全序列的具有廣泛代表性的東亞家豬和野豬的系統(tǒng)發(fā)育關(guān)系樹。該系統(tǒng)樹為進(jìn)一步歸類劃分東亞野豬和家豬mtDNA世系提供了依據(jù)和藍(lán)圖,?；诮⒌倪@一系統(tǒng)，該小組描繪出高分辨率的東亞家豬和野豬mtDNA系統(tǒng)發(fā)育地理圖,，推斷出東亞野豬的系統(tǒng)地理分化和家豬的起源分化等群體歷史事件,。他們的研究顯示東亞野豬很可能起源于湄公河流域，分兩路擴(kuò)散,，一條由西南向北到青海,、甘肅、新疆等地,，一路向東到達(dá)長江中下游流域后在向東北擴(kuò)散,，最后到達(dá)東北亞。所有東亞家豬可溯祖至同一世系D,，其中包含有多個(gè)支系.并分別在湄公河流域和長江中下游流域得到馴化,。類似于野豬的擴(kuò)散模式,，在湄公河流域馴化的家豬主要經(jīng)西南向北擴(kuò)散到青海、甘肅,、新疆等地,，而在長江中下游流域馴化的家豬主要向東北擴(kuò)散,。
該項(xiàng)研究不僅揭示了東亞野豬和家豬的起源分化事件,，使人們對(duì)古代東亞農(nóng)業(yè)文明的形成有了進(jìn)一步的認(rèn)識(shí)，而且其研究策略為相關(guān)的家養(yǎng)動(dòng)物馴化研究提供了很好的借鑒,。（昆明動(dòng)物所）
原始出處:
Population phylogenomic analysis of mitochondrial DNA in wild boars and domestic pigs revealed multiple domestication events in East Asia
Gui-Sheng Wu1, 2, 3, 4, Yong-Gang Yao1,5, Kai-Xing Qu1, Zhao-Li Ding2, Hui Li1, Malliya
G Palanichamy2, Zi-Yuan Duan1, Ning Li6, Yao-Sheng Chen7, Ya-Ping Zhang1, 2*
1 State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of
Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China; 2 Laboratory for
Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resource, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091,
China; 3 The Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039,
China; 4 Current address: Center for Pharmacogenomics, Department of Psychiatry and
Behavioral Science, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami FL 33136,
USA; 5 Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, Kunming
Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China; 6 China
Agriculture University, Beijing 10094, China; 7 College of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen
University, Guangzhou 510275, China
*Corresponding author: Dr. Ya-Ping Zhang
State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution,
Kunming Institute of Zoology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences,
Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
PHONE: (+86) 871-519 8993; FAX: (+86) 871-519 5430
E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract
Background: Previous evidence has indicated that pigs were independently domesticated
in multiple places throughout the world. However, the detailed scenario of the origin and
dispersal of domestic pigs in East Asia remains unresolved.
Results: Population phylogenomic analysis was conducted in domestic pigs and wild
boars by screening the haplogroup specific mutation motifs inferred from a phylogenetic
tree of pig complete mtDNA sequences. All domestic pigs are clustered into a single
clade D (which contains sub-clades D1, D2, D3, and D4), with wild boars from East Asia
being interspersed. Three haplogroups within D1 are dominant in the Mekong region
(D1a2 and D1b) and the middle and downstream region of the Yangtze River (D1a1a),
and may represent independent founders of domestic pigs. None of the domestic pig
samples from Northeast Asia, the Yellow River region, and the upstream region of the
Yangtze River share the same haplogroup status with the local wild boars. The limited
regional distributions of haplogroups D1 (including its subhaplogroups), D2, D3, and D4
in domestic pigs suggest at least two different in situ domestication events.
Conclusion: The use of fine-grained mtDNA phylogenomic analysis of wild boars and
domestic pigs is a powerful tool to discern the origin of domestic pigs. Our results show
that pig domestication in East Asia mainly occurred in the Mekong region and the middle
and downstream region of the Yangtze River.
