線粒體是真核生物通過有氧呼吸過程產(chǎn)生生物能量的工廠,。這一重要細(xì)胞器相關(guān)基因的突變或缺失會對生物體產(chǎn)生重要功能缺陷。Bioon
中科院昆明動物所馬普進(jìn)化基因組學(xué)青年科學(xué)家小組的博士生江會鋒在導(dǎo)師王文研究員和美國康乃爾大學(xué)（Cornell University）的Gu Zhenglong教授指導(dǎo)下發(fā)現(xiàn),，在啤酒酵母的進(jìn)化支系中線粒體相關(guān)基因的功能在全基因組重復(fù)后發(fā)生了功能選擇性放松,，并且此種放松現(xiàn)象和這一進(jìn)化支系中新近進(jìn)化出來的高效有氧發(fā)酵機(jī)制密切相關(guān)。與此相反,，進(jìn)行有氧呼吸過程的酵母種屬中線粒體功能則是高度保守的,。這一結(jié)果提示在真核生物的進(jìn)化過程中這兩種重要能量代謝途徑可能在進(jìn)化過程中存在著某種競爭機(jī)制。
該研究成果于7月30號在線發(fā)表于國際著名基因組學(xué)刊物《基因組研究》（Genome Research）（IF 11.3）上,。（生物谷Bioon.com）
生物谷推薦原始出處：
Genome Research,，DOI: 10.1101/gr.074674.107，Huifeng Jiang，Zhenglong Gu
Relaxation of yeast mitochondrial functions after whole-genome duplication
Huifeng Jiang1,2,3, Wenjun Guan1,4, David Pinney5, Wen Wang2,6, and Zhenglong Gu1,6
1 Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA; 2 CAS-Max Planck Junior Research Group, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Kunming, Yunnan 650223, People’s Republic of China; 3 Graduate School of Chinese Academy Sciences, Beijing 100039, People’s Republic of China; 4 Zhejiang University, College of Life Sciences, Hangzhou 310058, People’s Republic of China; 5 Department of Mathematics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
Mitochondria are essential for cellular energy production in most eukaryotic organisms. However, when glucose is abundant, yeast species that underwent whole-genome duplication (WGD) mostly conduct fermentation even under aerobic conditions, and most can survive without a functional mitochondrial genome. In this study, we show that the rate of evolution for the nuclear-encoded mitochondrial genes was greater in post-WGD species than pre-WGD species. Furthermore, codon usage bias was relaxed for these genes in post-WGD yeast species. The codon usage pattern and the distribution of a particular transcription regulatory element suggest that the change to an efficient aerobic fermentation lifestyle in this lineage might have emerged after WGD between the divergence of Kluyveromyces polysporus and Saccharomyces castellii from their common ancestor. This new energy production strategy could have led to the relaxation of mitochondrial function in the relevant yeast species.
