全球變暖已經(jīng)證明能打破現(xiàn)有的種間營養(yǎng)級(jí)關(guān)系,，從而導(dǎo)致生物多樣性喪失。例如溫度上升會(huì)導(dǎo)致動(dòng)植物物候的改變,，使動(dòng)植物的出現(xiàn)在時(shí)間上發(fā)生錯(cuò)位,；溫度上升會(huì)提高病蟲害發(fā)生可能性，導(dǎo)致一些物種種群密度急劇下降,。但是，溫度上升導(dǎo)致的物候錯(cuò)位和動(dòng)植物多度的改變,，也可能導(dǎo)致營養(yǎng)關(guān)系的新生,。
中科院成都生物研究所孫書存課題組劉銀占博士等在一項(xiàng)為期三年的研究中，通過對(duì)美麗龍膽(Gentiana formosa),、一種夜蛾科昆蟲Broom Moth(Melanchra pisi )的幼蟲及其食物條葉銀蓮花（Anemone trullifolia）的物候和多度調(diào)查,，發(fā)現(xiàn)模擬增溫推遲了蛾子幼蟲的出現(xiàn)時(shí)間，卻使其食物物種的枯黃時(shí)間提前,，從而導(dǎo)致兩者間的食物關(guān)系破裂,；但此時(shí)美麗龍膽因?yàn)槟M增溫，開花物候提前,，與蛾子幼蟲出現(xiàn)的時(shí)間恰好吻合,。因此，昆蟲與龍膽（花）間形成了新的營養(yǎng)關(guān)系,，顯著降低了龍膽的種子產(chǎn)量,。
該研究結(jié)果表明全球變暖還可能通過新生營養(yǎng)關(guān)系來改變?nèi)郝浣M成和物種多樣性。
該成果發(fā)表在Ecology上,。（生物谷 Bioon.com）
doi:10.1890/10-2060.1
PMC:
PMID:
Shifting phenology and abundance under experimental warming alters trophic relationships and plant reproductive capacity
Yinzhan Liu, Peter B. Reich, Guoyong Li, and Shucun Sun
Phenological mismatches due to climate change may have important ecological consequences. In a three-year study, phenological shifts due to experimental warming markedly altered trophic relationships between plants and insect herbivores, causing a dramatic decline of reproductive capacity for one of the plant species. In a Tibetan meadow, the gentian (Gentiana formosa) typically flowers after the peak larva density of a noctuid moth (Melanchra pisi) that primarily feeds on a dominant forb (anemone, Anemone trullifolia var. linearis). However, artificial warming of 1.5°C advanced gentian flower phenology and anemone vegetative phenology by a week, but delayed moth larvae emergence by two weeks. The warming increased larval density 10-fold, but decreased anemone density by 30%. The phenological and density shifts under warmed conditions resulted in the insect larvae feeding substantially on the gentian flowers and ovules; there was 100-fold more damage in warmed than in unwarmed chambers. This radically increased trophic connection reduced gentian plant reproduction and likely contributed to its reduced abundance in the warmed chambers.
