1月9日,,Ecology Letters雜志上發(fā)表了艾克斯特大學(xué)、日本岡山大學(xué)和九州大學(xué)的科研人員的研究成果,。研究人員調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)雌性寬角粉甲蟲(chóng)可以影響后代的性別,,而后代會(huì)繼承母親或外公的特質(zhì)。
研究證實(shí)體質(zhì)好的雌性——能夠生育更多的后代——更有可能生雌性,。體質(zhì)差的雌性,,如果她們自己的父親體質(zhì)很強(qiáng)壯,則更有可能生雄性,。這也是首次證實(shí)雌性能夠操控她們后代的性別以彌補(bǔ)這樣的事實(shí):某些基因可以讓雄性強(qiáng)壯讓雌性羸弱,,反之亦然。
雖然研究人員研究的對(duì)象是廣泛使用的寬角粉甲蟲(chóng),,但研究小組認(rèn)為這一研究結(jié)論適用于動(dòng)物界的其他物種,即使是哺乳動(dòng)物,。
實(shí)驗(yàn)中發(fā)現(xiàn)頭部有大型顎的雄蟲(chóng)交配最為成功,,可以贏得更多的打斗,它們因此而看起來(lái)“質(zhì)量更好”。不過(guò)大顎需要肌肉和體型來(lái)支撐,,這也意味著大顎雄蟲(chóng)的女兒體型也更雄性化,,產(chǎn)卵數(shù)更少。也就是說(shuō),,這些“成功”的雄蟲(chóng)的女兒生育后代的數(shù)量會(huì)較少,。
而體質(zhì)差的雌蟲(chóng)生育更多的兒子,而且能夠繼承它們外公的特質(zhì),。相反的,,體質(zhì)好的女兒由于其父親體質(zhì)較差,則生出相對(duì)小顎,、體弱的兒子,,并且會(huì)生育更多的雌性后代作為補(bǔ)償,這些雌性后代也會(huì)繼承它母親的優(yōu)良特質(zhì),。
通訊作者艾克斯特大學(xué)的David Hosken博士說(shuō):“我們的研究表明雌性能夠以驚奇微妙的方式使它們后代的性別比例存在偏差”,。這些研究進(jìn)一步闡釋了為什么有些雌性生育很多兒子,而其他雌性生育的主要是女兒,。當(dāng)然每個(gè)人都想知道,,這項(xiàng)研究能否解釋為什么這種情況有時(shí)會(huì)出現(xiàn)在人類(lèi)的家庭里,研究人員表示恐怕不能回答這個(gè)問(wèn)題,。
寬角粉甲蟲(chóng)是比較有名的害蟲(chóng),,專以面粉和谷物為食,比如麥片粥和小麥粉,。大概3-4公分長(zhǎng),,紅褐色,遍布世界各地,。(生物谷Bioon.com)
doi:10.1111/j.1461-0248.2011.01725.x
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Intralocus sexual conflict and offspring sex ratio
Masako Katsuki, Tomohiro Harano, Takahisa Miyatake, Kensuke Okada, David J. Hosken
Males and females frequently have different fitness optima for shared traits, and as a result, genotypes that are high fitness as males are low fitness as females, and vice versa. When this occurs, biasing of offspring sex-ratio to reduce the production of the lower-fitness sex would be advantageous, so that for example, broods produced by high-fitness females should contain fewer sons. We tested for offspring sex-ratio biasing consistent with these predictions in broad-horned flour beetles. We found that in both wild-type beetles and populations subject to artificial selection for high- and low-fitness males, offspring sex ratios were biased in the predicted direction: low-fitness females produced an excess of sons, whereas high-fitness females produced an excess of daughters. Thus, these beetles are able to adaptively bias sex ratio and recoup indirect fitness benefits of mate choice.