近日,來自中科院地球環(huán)境研究所的最新研究成果“Insights into low fish mercury bioaccumulation in a mercury-contaminated reservoir,, Guizhou,, China,”刊登在最新一期的Environment Pollution雜志上,,文章中,,作者探索了“高汞污染水庫魚體低汞富集”之謎。
上世紀(jì)50年代,,發(fā)生在日本的“水俁病”事件讓大家認(rèn)識到水生生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的汞污染會導(dǎo)致汞在生物體內(nèi)的高度富集,,從而影響到水產(chǎn)品食用人群的身體健康。位于我國西南部貴州省境內(nèi)的百花湖,,在1971到1997年期間,,經(jīng)歷了與日本水俁灣同樣的化工汞污染事件。不同的是,,盡管該水庫沉積物中無機汞的含量高達(dá)38.9ppm,,魚體內(nèi)的汞卻并沒有高出食用水產(chǎn)品汞含量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)限值,當(dāng)?shù)鼐用褚矝]有出現(xiàn)水俁病癥狀,。那么,,這是到底為什么呢?
為了解開這個謎團,,中國科學(xué)院地球化學(xué)研究所環(huán)境地球化學(xué)國家重點實驗室的馮新斌研究員帶領(lǐng)的課題組與瑞士日內(nèi)瓦大學(xué)Forel研究所進行合作,,對百花湖汞的生物地球化學(xué)循環(huán)進行了非常系統(tǒng)和細(xì)致的研究。他們采集了大量水體,、沉積物、浮游生物、底棲生物,、魚類等樣品,,分析汞形態(tài)含量及其相關(guān)參數(shù)。同時,,采用先進的汞同位素加入技術(shù)進行了水體和沉積物甲基化/脫甲基化實驗,,采用沉積物界面物質(zhì)傳輸系統(tǒng)進行了沉積物中汞向底棲生物—搖蚊幼蟲傳輸?shù)默F(xiàn)場培養(yǎng)實驗,對整個水生食物鏈的營養(yǎng)級進行分析確定,,獲得大量詳實的數(shù)據(jù),。
數(shù)據(jù)分析結(jié)果認(rèn)為:百花湖魚體汞含量偏低的根本原因在于三點:1)百花湖流域為卡斯特巖溶地貌,水體pH值為中性偏堿,,這種水環(huán)境下,,不利于無機汞轉(zhuǎn)化為毒性更強、更易于在生物體內(nèi)積累的甲基汞,。2)水庫富營養(yǎng)化水平較高,,魚類生長所需的食物充足,生長速度快,,生物稀釋作用導(dǎo)致單位重量的魚體汞含量偏低,。3)以植食性和雜食性魚類為主,食物鏈短,,故甲基汞富集程度較低,。
文中還建議,未來對水庫富營養(yǎng)化的治理要同時關(guān)注汞的動態(tài)變化,,并進行采取相應(yīng)的措施進行治理,,以免水庫富營養(yǎng)化程度下降后,魚類生長速度下降,,可能導(dǎo)致的單位魚體汞含量的上升,。(生物谷Bioon.com)
doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2011.09.023
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Insights into low fish mercury bioaccumulation in a mercury-contaminated reservoir, Guizhou, China
Bian Liua, 1, , Haiyu Yanb, Cuiping Wangb, Qiuhua Lib, c, Stéphane Guédrona, 2, , Jorge E. Spangenbergd, Xinbin Fengb, , , Janusz Dominika
We examined Hg biogeochemistry in Baihua Reservoir, a system affected by industrial wastewater containing mercury (Hg). As expected, we found high levels of total Hg (THg, 664–7421 ng g−1) and monomethylmercury (MMHg, 3–21 ng g−1) in the surface sediments (0–10 cm). In the water column, both THg and MMHg showed strong vertical variations with higher concentrations in the anoxic layer (>4m) than in the oxic layer (0–4 m), which was most pronounced for the dissolved MMHg (p < 0.001). However, mercury levels in biota samples (mostly cyprinid fish) were one order of magnitude lower than common regulatory values (i.e. 0.3–0.5 mg kg−1) for human consumption. We identified three main reasons to explain the low fish Hg bioaccumulation: disconnection of the aquatic food web from the high MMHg zone, simple food web structures, and biodilution effect at the base of the food chain in this eutrophic reservoir.