小龍蝦,，通常稱為鰲蝦,，它主要棲息于臭水溝中，引種的最初目的是為了疏通下水道，在我國(guó)許多地區(qū)也有引種,，可是最后它成了我們餐桌上的一道美食,，在很多城市的街道上隨處可見供應(yīng)小龍蝦這道美食的餐管，尤其是在武漢,，還有專門吃小龍蝦的季節(jié)，那時(shí),，整個(gè)城市都迷散著小龍蝦的香味,。
此外，小龍蝦還是研究白斑綜合癥病毒（WSSV）的理想模型動(dòng)物,，尤其是在前幾年WSSV肆掠時(shí),，它是眾多WSSV研究者首選的模型動(dòng)物，就象我們其他研究用到的小鼠一樣,，利用這種動(dòng)物,，對(duì)WSSV的形態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)、流行病學(xué),、基因組學(xué),、組織病理學(xué)及防治進(jìn)行了大量研究，并取得了可喜進(jìn)展,。
作為引入物種,，它引起了引種地區(qū)的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)問(wèn)題，迅速成為當(dāng)?shù)氐膬?yōu)勢(shì)物種并蔓延至更廣范圍,，這跟英國(guó)出現(xiàn)的問(wèn)題相類似,。另外，因?yàn)槠渖姝h(huán)境,，小龍蝦帶有大量病毒與寄生蟲,，而且體內(nèi)累積大量重金屬，因而通過(guò)引種,，這些病毒與寄生蟲得以更廣地傳播,，給引種地本地生物帶來(lái)新的威脅。在品嘗小龍蝦時(shí),，是不是想到它的生存環(huán)境而味口盡失,？
小龍蝦之所以會(huì)成為引種地的優(yōu)勢(shì)物種，原因不單是它們的數(shù)量,，更重要的是它們的生活習(xí)性,，即食量大、不挑食,、適應(yīng)性強(qiáng),。盡管目前沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)什么大型疾病流行，到底有沒有潛在風(fēng)險(xiǎn)誰(shuí)也不能肯定，可以肯定的是這對(duì)整個(gè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)有巨大影響,。
這就是提醒我們,，在從一個(gè)產(chǎn)地到另一個(gè)產(chǎn)地引種動(dòng)物和植物時(shí)，必需要考慮引種物的寄生蟲作用與引種物如何傳播及其管理策略,。（生物谷bioon.com）
doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0032229
PMC:
PMID:
Predatory Functional Response and Prey Choice Identify Predation Differences between Native/Invasive and Parasitised/Unparasitised Crayfish
Neal R. Haddaway, Ruth H. Wilcox, Rachael E. A. Heptonstall, Hannah M. Griffiths, Robert J. G. Mortimer,，Martin Christmas, Alison M. Dunn
Background：Invasive predators may change the structure of invaded communities through predation and competition with native species. In Europe, the invasive signal crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculus is excluding the native white clawed crayfishAustropotamobius pallipes. Methodology and Principal Findings：This study compared the predatory functional responses and prey choice of native and invasive crayfish and measured impacts of parasitism on the predatory strength of the native species. Invasive crayfish showed a higher (>10%) prey (Gammarus pulex) intake rate than (size matched) natives, reflecting a shorter (16%) prey handling time. The native crayfish also showed greater selection for crustacean prey over molluscs and bloodworm, whereas the invasive species was a more generalist predator. A. pallipes parasitised by the microsporidian parasite Thelohania contejeani showed a 30% reduction in prey intake. We suggest that this results from parasite-induced muscle damage, and this is supported by a reduced (38%) attack rate and increased (30%) prey handling time.Conclusions and Significance：Our results indicate that the per capita (i.e., functional response) difference between the species may contribute to success of the invader and extinction of the native species, as well as decreased biodiversity and biomass in invaded rivers. In addition, the reduced predatory strength of parasitized natives may impair their competitive abilities, facilitating exclusion by the invader.
