2月23日,,據(jù)海外媒體報(bào)道,,雜志《分子生物學(xué)與進(jìn)化》(Molecular Biology and Evolution)刊登的一項(xiàng)研究成果稱,一支由來(lái)自瑞典烏普薩拉,、斯德哥爾摩,,以及西班牙馬德里等地區(qū)的研究者組成的研究團(tuán)隊(duì),最近通過(guò)對(duì)古DNA進(jìn)行分析研究得出了關(guān)于尼安德特人的與傳統(tǒng)觀念不相同的認(rèn)識(shí),。之前學(xué)者普遍認(rèn)為,,尼安德特人在歐洲穩(wěn)定地存在了成千上萬(wàn)年,直到現(xiàn)代人類出現(xiàn),。不過(guò)新研究卻顯示,,歐洲的尼安德特人在5萬(wàn)年前就已經(jīng)消失,此后另一支規(guī)模較小的尼安德特人重新占領(lǐng)了歐洲中西部,,并在這里生存了約1萬(wàn)年,,直到現(xiàn)代人類出現(xiàn),。
瑞典斯德哥爾摩自然歷史博物館的Love Dalén教授說(shuō),研究結(jié)果令人驚訝,,尼安德特人居然在與現(xiàn)代人類接觸之前就曾在歐洲消失了很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間,,這表明他們對(duì)末次冰期發(fā)生的氣候變化極為敏感,其程度甚至超出我們的想象,。對(duì)西班牙北部地區(qū)的尼安德特人進(jìn)行DNA分析顯示,,他們?cè)谧罱K消失前的一萬(wàn)年內(nèi)基因分異度非常地低,甚至不及現(xiàn)代冰島人,。而來(lái)自歐洲及亞洲的尼安德特人都擁有極高的,、基本可與現(xiàn)代人類相抗衡的基因分異度,這與他們?cè)诖藚^(qū)漫長(zhǎng)的生存史相符,。
此項(xiàng)研究的DNA材料破損嚴(yán)重,,因此需要極高的實(shí)驗(yàn)室條件和計(jì)算機(jī)模型分析。來(lái)自不同國(guó)家,,如丹麥,、西班牙、美國(guó)等的統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)家,、基因?qū)W家和古生物學(xué)家聯(lián)合起來(lái)工作,,確保了研究的準(zhǔn)確性與完整性。馬德里康普頓斯大學(xué)的古生物學(xué)家Juan Luis Arsuaga教授說(shuō),,如此縱深的學(xué)科間交流對(duì)進(jìn)化史研究具有極其重要的意義,,未來(lái)古DNA研究將會(huì)提供給我們?cè)絹?lái)越多的進(jìn)化故事。(生物谷 Bioon.com)
doi:10.1093/molbev/mss074
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Partial genetic turnover in neandertals: continuity in the east and population replacement in the west
Love Dalén, Ludovic Orlando, Beth Shapiro, Mikael Brandstr?m Durling, Rolf Quam, M. Thomas P. Gilbert, J. Carlos Díez Fernández-Lomana, Eske Willerslev, Juan Luis Arsuaga, and Anders Götherström
Remarkably little is known about the population-level processes leading up to the extinction of the neandertal. To examine this, we use mtDNA sequences from 13 neandertal individuals, including a novel sequence from northern Spain, to examine neandertal demographic history. Our analyses indicate that recent western European neandertals (<48 kyr) constitute a tightly defined group with low mitochondrial genetic variation in comparison to both eastern and older (>48 kyr) European neandertals. Using control region sequences, Bayesian demographic simulations provide higher support for a model of population fragmentation followed by separate demographic trajectories in subpopulations over a null model of a single stable population. The most parsimonious explanation for these results is that of a population turnover in western Europe during early Marine Isotope Stage 3, predating the arrival of anatomically modern humans in the region.