人們常擔(dān)心全球變暖會(huì)導(dǎo)致一些本來(lái)存在于熱帶的病菌向其他地方擴(kuò)散,，新一期英國(guó)《自然—氣候變化》（Nature Climate Change）雜志刊登的一份報(bào)告證實(shí)了這種現(xiàn)象的存在。這項(xiàng)研究顯示,，弧菌疫情在北歐的暴發(fā)與當(dāng)?shù)睾Ｑ蟮淖兣嘘P(guān)。
弧菌是一類(lèi)可引起腸道感染的細(xì)菌,，它會(huì)引發(fā)腸胃炎和霍亂等疾病,。這種細(xì)菌通常存在于較溫暖的水域中，人們?nèi)绻粤瞬桓蓛舻乃a(chǎn)品就可能會(huì)染病,。
在氣候較冷的北歐波羅的海沿岸地區(qū),，過(guò)去出現(xiàn)弧菌病例的數(shù)量并不太多，但一個(gè)國(guó)際研究小組調(diào)查后發(fā)現(xiàn),，近來(lái)這一地區(qū)感染弧菌的病例數(shù)量出現(xiàn)上升趨勢(shì),，并且這些病例的分布情況與當(dāng)?shù)厮疁氐淖兓尸F(xiàn)出明顯相關(guān)性，如果一個(gè)地方水溫上升1攝氏度,，病例數(shù)量就可能翻倍,。
本次研究顯示，近三十年來(lái),，波羅的海的海水溫度上升很快,，速度為每十年0.63到0.78攝氏度，遠(yuǎn)高于同期全球地表氣溫上升速度（每十年約0.17攝氏度）的水平,。研究人員因此認(rèn)為,，波羅的海海水這種顯著的變暖，增強(qiáng)了弧菌在沿岸地區(qū)的傳播能力,。
研究人員說(shuō),，過(guò)去一些氣候較寒冷地區(qū)的弧菌疫情常被歸結(jié)于某個(gè)具體的短期原因，但現(xiàn)在看來(lái)在氣候變化的大背景下,，也需要注意全球變暖的影響,。而對(duì)于全球變暖對(duì)其他一些病菌傳播能力帶來(lái)什么樣的變化，還需要進(jìn)行更多的研究,。（生物谷Bioon.com）
doi:10.1038/nclimate1628
PMC:
PMID:
Emerging Vibrio risk at high latitudes in response to ocean warming
Craig Baker-Austin; Joaquin A. Trinanes; Nick G. H. Taylor; Rachel Hartnell; Anja Siitonen; Jaime Martinez-Urtaza
There is increasing concern regarding the role of climate change in driving bacterial waterborne infectious diseases. Here we illustrate associations between environmental changes observed in the Baltic area and the recent emergence of Vibrio infections and also forecast future scenarios of the risk of infections in correspondence with predicted warming trends. Using multidecadal long-term sea surface temperature data sets we found that the Baltic Sea is warming at an unprecedented rate. Sea surface temperature trends (1982–2010) indicate a warming pattern of 0.063–0.078?°C?yr?1 (6.3–7.8?°C per century; refs 1, 2), with recent peak temperatures unequalled in the history of instrumented measurements for this region. These warming patterns have coincided with the unexpected emergence of Vibrio infections in northern Europe, many clustered around the Baltic Sea area. The number and distribution of cases correspond closely with the temporal and spatial peaks in sea surface temperatures. This is among the first empirical evidence that anthropogenic climate change is driving the emergence of Vibrio disease in temperate regions through its impact on resident bacterial communities, implying that this process is reshaping the distribution of infectious diseases across global scales.
